Group, subgroup and person-specific longitudinal associations between affect and physical activity in individuals with depressive and/or anxiety disorders and healthy controls: An ambulatory assessment study

This study aims to explore the person-specific, subgroup and group-level associations across time among daily positive affect, negative affect, and actigraphy-assessed physical activity in individuals diagnosed with current or subthreshold depressive and/or anxiety disorders and asymptomatic individuals. We will do this first by using Confirmatory Subgrouping Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation with three a priori defined groups (current depressive and/or anxiety disorders, subthreshold depressive and/or anxiety disorders, asympomatic individuals) to examine how positive affect, negative affect and physical activity are associated across time. Second, to identify data-driven subgroups, we will use Subgrouping (S-) GIMME to explore whether individuals show similar patterns of within-person associations over time between physical activity and affect. Data-driven subgroups will be compared to confirmatory subgroups as well as with one another regarding demographic, psychiatric clinical and daily characteristics

Does the COVID-19 pandemic impact parents' and adolescents' well-being? An EMA-study on daily affect and parenting.

Due to the COVID- 19 outbreak in the Netherlands (March 2020) and the associated social distancing measures, families were enforced to stay at home as much as possible. Adolescents and their families may be particularly affected by this enforced proximity, as adolescents strive to become more independent. Yet, whether these measures impact emotional well-being in families with adolescents has not been examined. In this ecological momentary assessment study, we investigated if the COVID-19 pandemic affected positive and negative affect of parents and adolescents and parenting behaviors (warmth and criticism). Additionally, we examined possible explanations for the hypothesized changes in affect and parenting. To do so, we compared daily reports on affect and parenting that were gathered during two periods of 14 consecutive days, once before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2019) and once during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multilevel analyses showed that only parents' negative affect increased as compared to the period before the pandemic, whereas this was not the case for adolescents' negative affect, positive affect and parenting behaviors (from both the adolescent and parent perspective). In general, intolerance of uncertainty was linked to adolescents' and parents' negative affect and adolescents' positive affect. However, Intolerance of uncertainty, nor any pandemic related characteristics (i.e. living surface, income, relatives with COVID-19, hours of working at home, helping children with school and contact with COVID-19 patients at work) were linked to the increase of parents' negative affect during COVID-19. It can be concluded that on average, our sample (consisting of relatively healthy parents and adolescents) seems to deal fairly well with the circumstances. The substantial heterogeneity in the data however, also suggest that whether or not parents and adolescents experience (emotional) problems can vary from household to household. Implications for researchers, mental health care professionals and policy makers are discussed