Serum Levels of Prostate Specific Antigen and Specific Reproductive Hormones Among Male Subjects with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a medical condition in elderly men in which there is proliferation and enlargement of the prostate gland. This study evaluated the levels of male reproductive hormones among subjects with BPH. The study involved 150 subjects aged 40 years and above, comprising 80 BPH subjects attending the urology clinic and 70 control subjects. Five millilitres (5ml) of venous blood were collected from each subject into plain bottles for the determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), testosterone, prolactin, and estradiol, using the ELISA technique. The mean values of PSA (16.68±10.96 ng/ml), estradiol (71.03±18.56 pg/ml) and for the BPH subjects and prolactin (9.38±4.51 ng/ml) were significantly higher compared to the mean values of PSA (0.48±0.25ng/ml), estradiol (51.33±7.13npg/ml) and prolactin (6.92±1.93ng/ml) of the control subjects. However, the mean testosterone value of the BPH subjects (5.02±1.93 ng/ml) was significantly lower than the mean value for the control (6.57±3.48ng/ml). The BPH who used to consume alcohol had higher PSA (24.26±8.33ng/ml) and testosterone (7.68±3.41ng/ml) compared to the PSA (16.34±3.22ng/ml) and testosterone (4.95±3.62ng/ml) of those who never consumed alcohol. The BPH had significantly altered hormone parameters as well as raised PSA levels. Including hormonal parameters in diagnosing and managing BPH could be an important consideration in our population

The Use Of Numerical Techniques To Analyze The Transient Response Of A Reservoir Undergoing Meor Process

ABSTRACT: The development of a three-dimensional, three-phase, multicomponent numerical model to analyse the microbial transport and fluid flow phenomena in a microbe-flooded reservoir is presented. The multiphase flow equations are solved in multi cases and in three-dimensional frameworks following the implicit pressure explicit saturation (IMPES) procedure in which the solution of the bacteria transport equations is solved implicitly whereas the nutrient transport equation is solved explicitly. The MEOR model was incorporated into an existing chemical flooding simulator (UTCHEM). The simulation results showed that the sharp increase of pressure after the microbial flooding is caused by pore plugging and the production of biogenic gas. As the time increased and water flooding continued, the permeability recovered slightly with the declogging of microbes in the pore space, resulting in a decrease in pressure drop