Learning Styles, Performance, And Attitudes Towards Technology: Focus On Business Students

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Consumer patronage and willingness-to-pay at different levels of restaurant attributes: A study from Kenya

This study investigates the effect of three key restaurant attributes – food quality, service quality and ambiance – on consumers’ (i) willingness-to-pay (WTP) and (ii) intentions to patronage (ITP) for limited service and upscale restaurants in Kenya. A full-profile 2 (types of restaurants) × 2 (levels of attributes) × 3 (service attributes) factorial design was developed in which type of restaurant (upscale dining and limited service) was varied as a between-subjects factor, and the variations in the attributes and levels a within-subject factor. Findings indicate that food quality is the only attribute to have a positive relationship with both consumer patronage and willingness-to-pay, in high-end as well as limited service restaurants. Service quality and ambiance both have an effect on consumer intentions in upscale dining, but not in a limited service restaurant. Moreover, an interaction effect was found. In high-end restaurants, and not so in limited service restaurants, increase in ambience was found to increase patronage and willingness-to-pay by a significant amount if service quality was also increased. The study extends previous work on the nature of restaurant attributes, as it (1) examines consumer preferences in a developing country, and (2) shows how attributes interact and affect ITP and WTP differently in a limited service and high-end restaurant context.Keywords: attributes; consumer behavior; willingness to pay; consumer patronage; pric

A community engagement approach for an integrated early childhood development intervention: a case study of an urban informal settlement with Kenyans and embedded refugees

Background: Community engagement is crucial for the design and implementation of community-based early childhood development (ECD) programmes. This paper aims to share key components and learnings of a community engagement process for an integrated ECD intervention. The lessons shared are drawn from a case study of urban informal settlement with embedded refugees in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods: We conducted three stakeholder meetings with representatives from the Ministry of Health at County and Sub-County, actors in the ECD sector, and United Nations agency in refugee management, a transect walk across fve villages (Ngando, Muslim, Congo, Riruta and Kivumbini); and, six debrief meetings by staf from the implementing organization. The specifc steps and key activities undertaken, the challenges faced and benefts accrued from the community engagement process are highlighted drawing from the implementation team’s perspective. Results: Context relevant, well-planned community engagement approaches can be integrated into the fve broad components of stakeholder engagement, formative research, identifcation of local resources, integration into local lives, and shared control/leadership with the local community. These can yield meaningful stakeholder buy-in, com‑ munity support and trust, which are crucial for enabling ECD programme sustainability. Conclusion: Our experiences underscore that intervention research on ECD programmes in urban informal settle‑ ments requires a well-planned and custom-tailored community engagement model that is sensitive to the needs of each sub-group within the community to avoid unintentionally leaving anyone out

Mental Health during COVID-19 Pandemic among Caregivers of Young Children in Kenya’s Urban Informal Settlements. A Cross-Sectional Telephone Survey

The emergence of COVID-19 has profoundly affected mental health, especially among highly vulnerable populations. This study describes mental health issues among caregivers of young children and pregnant women in three urban informal settlements in Kenya during the first pandemic year, and factors associated with poor mental health. A cross-sectional telephone survey was administered to 845 participants. Survey instruments included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7 scale, COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, and questions on the perceived COVID-19 effects on caregiver wellbeing and livelihood. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and univariate and multivariate analysis. Caregivers perceived COVID-19 as a threatening condition (94.54%), affecting employment and income activities (\u3e80%). Caregivers experienced discrimination (15.27%) and violence (12.6%) during the pandemic. Levels of depression (34%), general anxiety (20%), and COVID-19 related anxiety (14%) were highly prevalent. There were significant associations between mental health outcomes and economic and socio-demographic factors, violence and discrimination experiences, residency, and perceptions of COVID-19 as a threatening condition. Caregivers high burden of mental health problems highlights the urgent need to provide accessible mental health support. Innovative and multi-sectoral approaches will be required to maximize reach to underserved communities in informal settlements and tackle the root causes of mental health problems in this population

Stakeholders’ perspectives of enablers and barriers to successfully implementing an integrated early childhood development program in an informal urban settlement in Kenya

Integrated early childhood development (ECD) programs boost child health and developmental outcomes. However, the factors contributing to the successful implementation of such programs in informal urban settlements are not well researched. We conducted 14 focus group discussions and 13 key informant interviews with 125 caregivers of children under the age of 5 years and stakeholders, exploring their views on enablers and barriers to implementing an integrated ECD program in an informal settlement in Kenya. Strategic engagement, capacity building, transparency, fair compensation of ECD workforce, communication skills, and the need to tailor ECD programs to local realities were discussed. An equity-focused implementation approach for integrated ECD programs is timely

Disproportionate left atrial myopathy in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction among participants of the PROMIS-HFpEF study

Impaired left atrial (LA) function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with adverse outcomes. A subgroup of HFpEF may have LA myopathy out of proportion to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction; therefore, we sought to characterize HFpEF patients with disproportionate LA myopathy. In the prospective, multicenter, Prevalence of Microvascular Dysfunction in HFpEF study, we defined disproportionate LA myopathy based on degree of LA reservoir strain abnormality in relation to LV myopathy (LV global longitudinal strain [GLS]) by calculating the residuals from a linear regression of LA reservoir strain and LV GLS. We evaluated associations of disproportionate LA myopathy with hemodynamics and performed a plasma proteomic analysis to identify proteins associated with disproportionate LA myopathy; proteins were validated in an independent sample. Disproportionate LA myopathy correlated with better LV diastolic function but was associated with lower stroke volume reserve after passive leg raise independent of atrial fibrillation (AF). Additionally, disproportionate LA myopathy was associated with higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure, higher pulmonary vascular resistance, and lower coronary flow reserve. Of 248 proteins, we identified and validated 5 proteins (involved in cardiomyocyte stretch, extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammation) that were associated with disproportionate LA myopathy independent of AF. In HFpEF, LA myopathy may exist out of proportion to LV myopathy. Disproportionate LA myopathy is a distinct HFpEF subtype associated with worse hemodynamics and a distinct proteomic signature, independent of AF