Sterol composition of three marine sponge species from the genus Cinachyrella

The hitherto undescribed sterol composition of three marine sponge species belonging to the genus #Cynachyrella are reported : #C. alloclada and #C. kukenthali from the Senegalese coast, at two different depths, and C. aff. #schultezei from the lagoon of Nouméa, New Caledonia. (D'après résumé d'auteur

Phospholipid fatty acid composition of nine marine sponges from Qatar

Phospholipid fatty acid composition was studied in sponge from Qatar including eight Demospongia and one Calcarea. More than 60 fatty acids were identified in each species as methyl esters and N-acyl pyrrolidides by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twenty-two typical Delta-5,9 fatty acids were identified (C16 to C28), including two brominated acids. An unusual level (68%) of Delta-5,9 fatty acids was found in Dysidea sp. A new fatty acid was identified, namely 14-methyl-5,9-heptadecadienoic acid. Six unusual C18 and C20 acids were identified with the Delta-5,9, Delta-6,11 and Delta-7,13 unsaturations.The French Foreign Ministry

Proximate composition, mineral content and fatty acid profile of two marine fishes from Cameroonian coast: Pseudotolithus typus (Bleeker, 1863) and Pseudotolithus elongatus (Bowdich, 1825)

Background: Knowledge of chemical composition of fish from Cameroon is poor. The genera Pseudotolithus are nutritionally and economically important in Cameroon. Thus the knowledge on their chemical composition could help in functional food elaboration. Purpose: In this study, Proximate composition, fatty acid profiles and mineral composition were determined in two fish species, Pseudotolithus typus and Pseudotolithus elongatus from Cameroonian coasts. Basic procedure: AOAC standard method was used. Fatty acids were identified by GC/MS as N-acylpyrolidides. Mineral compositions were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and by UV spectrophotometry for phosphorus (P). Main finding: Results indicated that chemical composition was not similar in the two fish species. Results also showed that water is the main constituent in the edible parts and in the bones with 76.17% to 78.24% and 51.21% to 55.28% respectively. Pseudotolithus typus and Pseudotolithus elongatus were good sources of proteins with 16.17% and 13.4% respectively. All the fish analyzed for fat were lean with fat contents less than 0.5%. These species of fish were poor in ω6PUFA and were rich in ω3PUFA with about one third of total fatty acids. The main ω3 fatty acids were eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The most abundant main elements were the potassium in the edible parts (1.39%) and calcium in the bones (18.26%). The most abundant trace elements were Zn and Fe in the edible parts and in the bones. Principal conclusion: The Na/K ratio values and ω3 fatty acids contents suggest that consumption of these two fish species could be recommended to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: Proximal composition, Mineral content, Fatty acid profiles, Pseudotolithus typus, Pseudotolithus elongate

Valeur nutritionnelle des viscères et branchies issus du nettoyage du poisson Pseudotolithus typus dans les marchés de Douala: Nutritional value of the viscera and gills resulting from the cleaning of the Pseudotolithus typus fish in the Douala markets

L’étude de la valeur nutritionnelle des sous-produits de traitement de poisson contribue à la valorisation des déchets rejetés dans l’environnement. La détermination de la valeur nutritionnelle des viscères et branchies issus du poisson de l’espèce Pseudotolithus typus a été réalisée. L’analyse bromatologique a été réalisée selon les méthodes standards. Les huiles extraites de ces sous-produits ont été caractérisées par la détermination des indices. Dix-huit rats adultes répartis en trois lots de six chacun ont reçu différents régimes équilibrés respectivement Régime Standards, possédant la farine de poisson à 10%, Régime Alimentaire (substitution des 10% de la farine de poisson par la farine des sous-produits de P. typus) et le Régime Neutre (farines précédentes remplacées par les farines végétales). L’estimation de ces sous-produits rejetés dans l’environnement est de 12 ,55% de la masse du poisson entier. La farine des sous-produits montre une teneur de 20,33 ± 0,57% d’humidité; 59,81 ± 0,17% de protéines; 24,33 ± 0,57% de cendres; 15,11 ± 0,05% de lipide ; 0,75 ± 0,46% de glucides totaux, et des éléments minéraux tels que, le calcium (4,63 ± 0,42 g/kg), le phosphore (5,59 ± 0,45 g/kg), et le fer (323 ± 18,36 mg/kg). Les indices étudiés sont compris dans l’intervalle des valeurs de la norme du codex alimentarius, avec un indice d’iode élevé 122,735 ± 0,915 mg/kg. Le régime alimentaire reçu par les rats est plus efficace que le régime neutre en référence à la matière sèche totale ingérée et la différence de gain du poids. Il est plus digeste que le régime "RS" en référence à la digestibilité apparente et réelle. Les viscères et branchies de P. typus ont un potentiel nutritionnel élevé et peuvent être utilisés comme complément alimentaire pour bétail. The study of the nutritional value of fish processing by-products contributes to the recovery of waste released into the environment. We carried out the determination of the nutritional value of viscera and gills from Pseudotolithus typus fish. Bromatological analysis was performed according to standard methods. Oils extracted from these by-products have been characterized by the determination of theirs indices. Eighteen adult rats were divided into three batches of six. Each received different balanced diets respectively Standard Diet containing 10% fish meal, Test Diet (substitution of 10% of fish meal by the flour of the by-products of P. typus) and Neutral Diet (fish flours replaced by plant flours). These released by-products were estimated to be about 12.55% of the total fish mass. Moisture content of their flour was 20.33 ± 0.57%; 59.81 ± 0.17% protein; 24.33 ± 0.57% ash; 15.11 ± 0.05% lipid; 0.75 ± 0.46% total carbohydrates. For mineral elements, calcium stands for 4.63 ± 0.42 g/kg, phosphorus 5.59 ± 0.45 g/kg, and iron 323 ± 18.36 mg/kg. Indices were within the range of values performed in codex alimentarius standard. Iodine number was high (122.735 ± 0.915 mg/kg). Test diet received by rats were more effective than the neutral diet when considering the total dry matter ingested and weight gain. It is more digestible than the standard diet with respect to apparent and actual digestibility. Therefore, viscera and gills of P. typus have high nutritional potential and can be used as a dietary supplement for livestock