Глобализация английского языка

Процесс глобализации приобретает важнейшее значение в современном мире. Это относится к возросшему осознанию мира в целом и влияет на мировые языки, которые считаются главным средством развития общения в разных культурах. Распространение английского языка способствует единообразию мира, но ставит под угрозу существующее многоязычие и мультикультурализм. В данной статье описаны глобальные процессы и их ощутимое влияние на использование, знание и сохранение мирового языка.The process of globalization acquires the greatest importance in the modern world. It refers to the increased consciousness of the world as a whole and effects the world languages, which are regarded as an essential medium of developing the ability of communication across culture. The spread of the English language facilitates the uniformity of the world, but endangers the existed multilingualism and multiculturalism. The given paper describes the global processes and their palpable impact on the usage, knowledge and preservation of the world language

Effects of Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) berry preparation on metabolic parameters in a healthy overweight population: A pilot study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of açai fruit pulp on risk factors for metabolic disorders in overweight subjects. The açaí palm (<it>Euterpe oleracea </it>Mart.), which is native to South America, produces a small, black-purple fruit which is edible. The fruit has recently become popular as a functional food due to its antioxidant potential. Although several studies have been conducted in vitro and with animals, little is known about the potential health benefits in humans aside from an increase in plasma anti-oxidant capacity. Metabolic syndrome is a condition which is defined by a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and/or type-2 diabetes. Preliminary studies indicate that a reduction in reactive oxygen species can assist in the normalization of the metabolic pathways involved in this syndrome.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This was an open label pilot study conducted with 10 overweight adults (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²and ≤ 30 kg/m²) who took 100 g açai pulp twice daily for 1 month. The study endpoints included levels of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, exhaled (breath) nitric oxide metabolites (eNO) and plasma levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The response of blood glucose, blood pressure and eNO to a standardized meal was determined at baseline and following the 30 day treatment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared to baseline, there were reductions in fasting glucose and insulin levels following the 30 day treatment (both p < 0.02). There was also a reduction in total cholesterol (p = 0.03), as well as borderline significant reductions in LDL-cholesterol and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol (both p = 0.051). Compared to baseline, treatment with açai ameliorated the post-prandial increase in plasma glucose following the standardized meal, measured as the area under the curve (p = 0.047). There was no effect on blood pressure, hs-CRP or eNO.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this uncontrolled pilot study, consumption of açai fruit pulp reduced levels of selected markers of metabolic disease risk in overweight adults, indicating that further studies are warranted.</p

Central nervous system tumors in children: trends of the past decade

The article presents the current state of the domestic children’s neuro-oncological system; also it highlights the main development trends over the past decade. The authors summarize, analyze and compare data on the prevalence of malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system in children in the Republic of Tatarstan with the data of large-scale multicenter studies. The article presents the age-sex, histological and molecular structure of the central nervous system tumors through the prism of the new World Health Organization classification dd 2016, which determines the trends in the development of future systems for recording, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of children with brain and spinal tumors

Модные тенденции в России и Великобритании

Мода – одно из самых широко известных явлений общественной жизни, неизменно вызывающее живой интерес не только ученых, но и людей, сталкивающихся с ней в повседневной жизни. Модные тенденции отражают культурные, национальные, религиозные особенности различных стран. Данная статья анализирует модные тенденции в России и Великобритании, и заинтересованность населения в моде.Fashion is one of the most widely known phenomena of social life, which invariably arouses keen interest not only of scientists, but also of people who encounter it in everyday life. Fashion trends reflect the cultural, national, and religious characteristics of various countries. This article analyses fashion trends in Russia and the UK, and the interest of the population in fashion

THE EFFICACY OF HIGH-DOSE CONSOLIDATION AND AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN FIRST REMISSION OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA

Introduction. The question of the most adequate treatment strategy of AML in cases when it is impossible to perform allogeneic HSCT because of any reason still remains open.The aim of this study was to assess the long-term survival of patients with AML who received chemotherapy (CT) or autologous HSCT as consolidation in the first remission of the disease. It was included 135 patients aged 18 to 67 years, with a verified diagnosis of AML (except FAB M3) in the study. Of these, 100 patients received only CT, 35 patients received consolidation with autologous bone marrow transplantation. Patients who achieved remission after completion of induction CT courses received one of three treatment options as consolidation: 1) chemotherapy of standard-intensity (sCT), 2) high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT), 3) autologous HSCT (autoHSCT) conducted after 1–2 courses of high-dose CT. Adverse prognostic factors were identified as: age over 40 years, hyperleucocytosis more than 50,0 × 10 9/L and unfavorable cytogenetic and molecular-biological risk group.Materials and methods. Depending on the number of prognostic factors at the onset of disease relapse-free survival (RFS) was 47 % in their absence, 45 % in the presence of 1 factor, in the presence of 2 factors – 14 % (p = 0,000), regardless of the variant of consolidation therapy (sCT, HDCT, autoHSCT). A high level of white blood cells adversely affects OS (38 % vs. 22 %) and increases the frequency of relapse (52 % vs. 69 %) when performing only CT (sCT and HDCT). At initial white blood cells level more than 50,0 × 10 9/L the 5-year OS was 60 % when performing both autoHSCT and HDCT. Performance of autoHSCT at failure to achieve remission after the 1st induction course CT is associated with the best 2-year OS (62 % vs. 35 %, p = 0,05), EFS (50 % vs. 22 %, p = 0,05) and RFS (50 % vs. 37 %, p = 0,05) in comparison with HDCT and sCT. In favorable cytogenetic risk group 5-year RFS was 80 % when performing autoHSCT and 67 % when performing HDCT; the 5-year OS was 80 % regardless of consolidation therapy option.Conclusion. AutoHSCT is the preferred consolidation option in favorable risk group patients, and after failure to achieve remission after the 1st CT course

Interim results of the Ph-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment in adult patients (results of Russian research group of ALL treatment (RALL))

An interim analysis of long-term treatment results for 202 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), aged 15–60 years, received therapy according protocol ALL-2009 was shown. The basic principle of ALL-2009 was non-aggressive, but continued cytostatic exposure, as well as the reproducibility in a regional hematology centers. Long-term treatment results of ALL-2009 are 2 times higher than the previously obtained in adult ALL patients within the Russian clinical multicenter studies of adult ALL. The 5‑year overall survival of patients younger than 30 years was 73.6 %, relapse-free survival (RFS) – 71.5 %, compared with 52.7 % and 61.8 % in patients aged 30 years and older, respectively. In patients with B-precursor ALL with normal karyotype of blast cells significantly higher 5‑year RFS (82.1 %) compared to patients with abnormal karyotype (58.8 %) was registered. For T-ALL cytogenetic characteristics of blast cells had no prognostic significance. For patients with T-ALL important to perform autologous stem cell transplantation as a later consolidation, as this significantly reducerelapse rate (from 33 to 0 %).</p