Study of obstetric and fetal outcome of post caesarean pregnancy

Background: With the sky rocketing caesarean section rates an increasing number of women face the issue of mode of delivery in their current pregnancy. There are conflicting reports regarding the safety of a trial for Vaginal Birth After Caesarean delivery (VBAC) in terms of uterine rupture and concern about, maternal and perinatal morbidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the obstetric and fetal outcomes of patients presenting at term with a history of previous LSCS.Methods: A one year prospective observational study was conducted where in all patients who had a term pregnancy with a history of prior LSCS were included in the study after obtaining their consent for participation. The obstetric and fetal outcomes of these patients in the present pregnancy were noted and tabulated. A descriptive analysis of these outcomes was carried out.Results: 100 patients at term, with a history of previous LSCS were studied. Of these, trial for a VBAC was attempted by 50 patients of these 46% (23) had a successful VBAC. And remaining 54% went for emergency LSCS. 50% patients underwent an elective repeat caesarean deliver. Scar dehiscence was seen in 2.72% of the patients who opted for a trial for VBAC. Perinatal morbidity was higher in cases of repeat caesarean delivery than in those who had a successful VBAC (12.12% vs. 0 percent). Maternal complications were also higher in patients who had a repeat LSCS compared to those who had a successful VBAC.Conclusions: With an increase in the proportion of patients with a history of previous LSCS, it is essential for health care institutions to have proper antenatal counseling regarding VBAC and a well-defined management protocol in place in an effort to increase the number of VBACs and bring down the overall caesarean rates. Patients with a history of prior vaginal delivery have an increased likelihood for a successful VBAC. A successful VBAC is associated with a lower perinatal and maternal morbidity than repeat caesarean delivery, and this is relevant for counseling women about their choices after a caesarean delivery

Mullerian duct anomalies presenting with primary amenorrhoea

Background: Primary amenorrhoea is defined as the absence of menstruation by 14 years of age when there is no visible development of secondary sexual characteristics or by 16 years of age in the presence of normal secondary sexual characteristics. Primary Amenorrhoea occurs if there is a blockage of the outflow tract, or the outflow tract is missing, or there is no functioning uterus. The causes include: Transverse blockages, Mullerian Anomalies, and absence of functioning endometrium. The true incidence of obstructive Müllerian anomalies is unknown, but is believed to be between 0.1% and 3.8%.The second most common cause of primary amenorrhoea is mullerian anomaly. The aim of this study is to find the most common cause of primary amenorrhoea among mullerian anomalies and its renal association, the presenting symptom and the modalities to investigate it.Methods: After obtaining approval from the ethical committee, a retrospective study was undertaken of all cases of primary amenorrhoea presented at Dhiraj General Hospital, affiliated to SBKS Medical college and research centre, Waghodiya during a 5 year period (June 2011-June 2015). In inclusion criteria, all non-pregnant women of Reproductive age group attending Gynaecology O.P.D. at Dhiraj General Hospital with complains of primary amenorrhoea with normal secondary sex characters were included in the study (June 2011-June 2015). In exclusion criteria, after the detailed investigations, all non-pregnant women with complain of primary amenorrhoea due to   any other cause than mullerian anomaly were excluded.Results: In this study, most of the patients belonged to Class I, i.e. these patients had absent uterus, cervix and fallopian tubes along with upper part of vagina(61.5%) consisting of MRKH type 1. Nearly, 31% belonged to class II type; these patients had transverse vaginal septum with or without uterine anomaly. One patient belonged to class III type, (7.6%) i.e. imperforate hymen with hematocolpos and hematometra.Conclusions: We conclude that Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) with normal female secondary sexual development is the commonest cause of primary amenorrhea in our study.

Survey on Image intensification using Canny Edge Technique

Image Processing is generally done in form of Signal Processing. In this images, pictures, video frame etc are given in Input form and the Output appears with certain set of features or parameters in relation to the input given. Edge Detection using Canny Technique is an set of Mathematical Functions whose main goal is to detect points in the Digital input i.e. image and detect how brightness changes variably , and where are discontinuities. Edge detection is an essential stage in processing the image. Mostly image-processing techniques consider the image as a two-dimensional signal then put standard signal-processing techniques to it. Generally it means Digital Image being processed but analog and digital signals can also be processed

The IDENTIFY study: the investigation and detection of urological neoplasia in patients referred with suspected urinary tract cancer - a multicentre observational study

Objective To evaluate the contemporary prevalence of urinary tract cancer (bladder cancer, upper tract urothelial cancer [UTUC] and renal cancer) in patients referred to secondary care with haematuria, adjusted for established patient risk markers and geographical variation. Patients and Methods This was an international multicentre prospective observational study. We included patients aged ≥16 years, referred to secondary care with suspected urinary tract cancer. Patients with a known or previous urological malignancy were excluded. We estimated the prevalence of bladder cancer, UTUC, renal cancer and prostate cancer; stratified by age, type of haematuria, sex, and smoking. We used a multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression to adjust cancer prevalence for age, type of haematuria, sex, smoking, hospitals, and countries. Results Of the 11 059 patients assessed for eligibility, 10 896 were included from 110 hospitals across 26 countries. The overall adjusted cancer prevalence (n = 2257) was 28.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.3–34.1), bladder cancer (n = 1951) 24.7% (95% CI 19.1–30.2), UTUC (n = 128) 1.14% (95% CI 0.77–1.52), renal cancer (n = 107) 1.05% (95% CI 0.80–1.29), and prostate cancer (n = 124) 1.75% (95% CI 1.32–2.18). The odds ratios for patient risk markers in the model for all cancers were: age 1.04 (95% CI 1.03–1.05; P < 0.001), visible haematuria 3.47 (95% CI 2.90–4.15; P < 0.001), male sex 1.30 (95% CI 1.14–1.50; P < 0.001), and smoking 2.70 (95% CI 2.30–3.18; P < 0.001). Conclusions A better understanding of cancer prevalence across an international population is required to inform clinical guidelines. We are the first to report urinary tract cancer prevalence across an international population in patients referred to secondary care, adjusted for patient risk markers and geographical variation. Bladder cancer was the most prevalent disease. Visible haematuria was the strongest predictor for urinary tract cancer

Mullerian duct anomalies presenting with primary amenorrhoea

Background: Primary amenorrhoea is defined as the absence of menstruation by 14 years of age when there is no visible development of secondary sexual characteristics or by 16 years of age in the presence of normal secondary sexual characteristics. Primary Amenorrhoea occurs if there is a blockage of the outflow tract, or the outflow tract is missing, or there is no functioning uterus. The causes include: Transverse blockages, Mullerian Anomalies, and absence of functioning endometrium. The true incidence of obstructive Müllerian anomalies is unknown, but is believed to be between 0.1% and 3.8%.The second most common cause of primary amenorrhoea is mullerian anomaly. The aim of this study is to find the most common cause of primary amenorrhoea among mullerian anomalies and its renal association, the presenting symptom and the modalities to investigate it.Methods: After obtaining approval from the ethical committee, a retrospective study was undertaken of all cases of primary amenorrhoea presented at Dhiraj General Hospital, affiliated to SBKS Medical college and research centre, Waghodiya during a 5 year period (June 2011-June 2015). In inclusion criteria, all non-pregnant women of Reproductive age group attending Gynaecology O.P.D. at Dhiraj General Hospital with complains of primary amenorrhoea with normal secondary sex characters were included in the study (June 2011-June 2015). In exclusion criteria, after the detailed investigations, all non-pregnant women with complain of primary amenorrhoea due to   any other cause than mullerian anomaly were excluded.Results: In this study, most of the patients belonged to Class I, i.e. these patients had absent uterus, cervix and fallopian tubes along with upper part of vagina(61.5%) consisting of MRKH type 1. Nearly, 31% belonged to class II type; these patients had transverse vaginal septum with or without uterine anomaly. One patient belonged to class III type, (7.6%) i.e. imperforate hymen with hematocolpos and hematometra.Conclusions: We conclude that Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) with normal female secondary sexual development is the commonest cause of primary amenorrhea in our study.

Implementation of Bird Species Detection Algorithm using Deep Learning

Automatically identifying what types of the bird is present in the sound recording using the monitor reading. To distinguishing automatic birds based on their sound patterns.This is useful in the field of ornithology for studying bird species and their behavior based on their sound. Proposed method will be used to distinguish birds automatically using different sound processing methods and mechanical learning methods based on their chirping patterns. We propose a sequential model for audio features within a short interval of time. The model will be used Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients to extract features from the audio files and presented it in the model. The proposed work classifies the data set containing three species of bird, and outperform support vector machines

Evaluation of Genetic Parameters for Yield and its Attributing Traits in Green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

A study was conducted employing twelve quantitative traits viz., days to&nbsp; 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height(cm),&nbsp; number of branches per plant, number&nbsp; of clusters per&nbsp; plant, number of&nbsp; pods per&nbsp; cluster, pod&nbsp; length(cm),&nbsp; number of&nbsp; seeds&nbsp;&nbsp; per&nbsp; pod,&nbsp; 100 seed&nbsp; weight(g), harvest index, biological yield per plant&nbsp; and&nbsp; seed&nbsp; yield&nbsp; per plant&nbsp; (g) on 40 green gram genotypes with the intent to uncover the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance. Significant variance was found for each characteristic when using simple descriptive statistics. High PCV and GCV estimates was noticed for number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, number of cluster per plant and number of pods per cluster. Days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, biological yield per plant and seed yield per plant showed high heritability with high genetic advancement based on a study of genetic variability, suggesting that additive gene action predominates. It will be beneficial to select for these traits

Small open reading frames: a comparative genetics approach to validation

Abstract Open reading frames (ORFs) with fewer than 100 codons are generally not annotated in genomes, although bona fide genes of that size are known. Newer biochemical studies have suggested that thousands of small protein-coding ORFs (smORFs) may exist in the human genome, but the true number and the biological significance of the micropeptides they encode remain uncertain. Here, we used a comparative genomics approach to identify high-confidence smORFs that are likely protein-coding. We identified 3,326 high-confidence smORFs using constraint within human populations and evolutionary conservation as additional lines of evidence. Next, we validated that, as a group, our high-confidence smORFs are conserved at the amino-acid level rather than merely residing in highly conserved non-coding regions. Finally, we found that high-confidence smORFs are enriched among disease-associated variants from GWAS. Overall, our results highlight that smORF-encoded peptides likely have important functional roles in human disease

Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Seed Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

Vigna radiata L. Wilczek, sometimes known as greengram or mungbean, is a popular pulse crop in India. Most of its cultivation takes place in India's subsistence farming systems. It is cultivated in three distinct seasons in India, despite the extremely low average productivity. Due to the crop's extensive growth in a variety of environmental circumstances, the local germplasm exhibits a high degree of genetic variation. In order to determine the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advancement of 40 green gram genotypes, a study utilizing twelve quantitative variables was conducted. For every traits, significant variance was discovered using basic descriptive statistics. High Phenotypic Coefficients of Variation (PCV) and high Genotypic Coefficients of Variation (GCV) were identified for seed yield per plant, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, biological yield per plant, number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight. Moderate PCV and GCV values observed for number of seeds per pod, plant height, harvest index, pod length and days to 50% flowering, whereas low PCV and GCV values were observed for days to maturity. Most of the characters studied in the current study had high estimates of heritability coupled with high to moderate genetic advance as a percentage of mean. This may be attributed to the preponderance of additive gene action and their high selective value, meaning that selection pressure can be applied profitably to these characters to improve them rationally