Colorectal Cancer with Residual Polyp of Origin: A Model of Malignant Transformation

AbstractThe majority of colorectal cancers (CRCs) arise from adenomatous polyps. In this study, we sought to present the underrecognized CRC with the residual polyp of origin (CRC RPO+) as an entity to be utilized as a model to study colorectal carcinogenesis. We identified all subjects with biopsy-proven CRC RPO+ that were evaluated over 10 years at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, and compared their clinical and pathologic characteristics to CRC without remnant polyps (CRC RPO−). Overall survival and disease-free survival overlap with an equivalent hazard ratio between CRC RPO+ and RPO− cases when age, stage, and grade are adjusted. The somatic genomic profile obtained by whole genome sequencing and the gene expression profiles by RNA-seq for CRC RPO+ tumors were compared with that of age -and gender-matched CRC RPO− evaluated by The Cancer Genome Atlas. CRC RPO+ cases were more commonly found with lower-grade, earlier-stage disease than CRC RPO−. However, within the same disease stage and grade, their clinical course is very similar to that of CRC RPO−. The mutation frequencies of commonly mutated genes in CRC are similar between CRC RPO+ and RPO− cases. Likewise, gene expression patterns are indistinguishable between the RPO+ and RPO− cases. We have confirmed that CRC RPO+ is clinically and biologically similar to CRC RPO− and may be utilized as a model of the adenoma to carcinoma transition

Flexible, Label-Free DNA Sensor Using Platinum Oxide as the Sensing Element

Platinum oxide thin film (100 nm) deposited using an optimized reactive ion sputtering process revealed p-type semiconducting behavior with a band-gap of 1.5 eV, resistivity of 0.16 Omega-m, and activation energy of 0.22 eV. XPS spectra indicated the presence of PtO phase (32%) along with PtO2\textbackslash phase (68%). The XRD spectra indicated the formation of alpha-PtO2 phase. arrays of simple, two terminal sensors were fabricated on transparent, flexible, and acetate substrates with platinum oxide thin film forming the active layer (8.0 mm x 60 mu m) for DNA detection. The sensor operated on the principle of conductance change resulting from the change in charge carrier density due to attachment of DNA to the platinum oxide surface. The DNA attachment onto platinum oxide was experimentally verified by performing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and optical fluorescence measurements. The binding constant of DNA to platinum oxide was found to be 7.35 pM for every percentage increase in fluorescence intensity. The sensor arrays showed a DNA concentration-dependent current change that was linear over a large dynamic range and sensitivity down to 0.5 nM. The label-free platinum oxide DNA sensors showed reproducibility with a coefficient of variation of less than 10%

Optimization of Platinum dioxide properties by plasma oxidation of sputtered PtOx

We have previously used reactively sputtered Platinum oxide thin film as DNA sensing element. In this work, we subject the reactively sputtered Platinum oxide thin films to an additional RIE step for 3, 6 and 9 min and carry out a detailed comparative study of the material and electrical properties of these films. XRD and XPS analysis revealed that when the reactively sputtered Platinum oxide film was subjected to RIE step for longer periods of time, it became progressively α-PtO2 in nature. Activation energies of 0.24 eV, 0.26 eV, 0.29 eV and 0.31 eV were obtained for the as deposited film and the films subjected to RIE step for 3, 6 and 9 min respectively. The Hall mobility of the as deposited Platinum oxide film was found to be 32.15 cm2V−1s−1 at room temperature. However, when the as deposited film was subjected to RIE step for 9 min the mobility value rises to as high as 136.13 cm2V−1s−1 at room temperature

Coupling Electrochemical Adsorption and Long‐range Electron Transfer: Label‐free DNA Mismatch Detection with Ultramicroelectrode (UME)

International audienceA new electrochemical hybridization trans-duction pathway, obtained by coupling electrochemical adsorption and long-range electron transfer through double-stranded DNA, was investigated using ultrami-croelectrode (UME). The results show that long-range electron transfer does not occurs exclusively throws well-packed and organized self-assembled DNA monolayers. This approach is used to investigate long-range electron transfer properties of both single-and double-stranded short synthetic DNA and DNA plasmids. Single mismatch electrochemical detection protocol of non-labelled short synthetic DNA, without heating or probe labelling, in a 10 minutes protocol, was in fine performed

Interactions of Surfactants with the Bacterial Cell Wall and Inner Membrane: Revealing the Link between Aggregation and Antimicrobial Activity

Surfactants with their intrinsic ability to solubilize lipid membranes are widely used as antibacterial agents, and their interactions with the bacterial cell envelope are complicated by their differential aggregation tendencies. We present a combined experimental and molecular dynamics investigation to unravel the molecular basis for the superior antimicrobial activity and faster kill kinetics of shorter-chain fatty acid surfactant, laurate, when compared with the longer-chain surfactants studied in contact time assays with live Escherichia coli (E. coli). From all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, translocation events across peptidoglycan were the highest for laurate followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate, myristate, palmitate, oleate, and stearate. The translocation kinetics were positively correlated with the critical micellar concentration, which determined the free monomer surfactant concentration available for translocation across peptidoglycan. Interestingly, aggregates showed a lower propensity to translocate across the peptidoglycan layer and longer translocation times were observed for oleate, thereby revealing an intrinsic sieving property of the bacterial cell wall. Molecular dynamics simulations with surfactant-incorporated bacterial inner membranes revealed the greatest hydrophobic mismatch and membrane thinning in the presence of laurate when compared with the other surfactants. The enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of laurate over oleate was further verified by experiments with giant unilamellar vesicles, and electroporation molecular dynamics simulations revealed greater inner membrane poration tendency in the presence of laurate when compared with the longer-chain surfactants. Our study provides molecular insights into surfactant translocation across peptidoglycan and chain length-induced structural disruption of the inner membrane, which correlate with contact time kill efficacies observed as a function of chain length with E. coli. The insights gained from our study uncover unexplored barrier properties of the bacterial cell envelope to rationalize the development of antimicrobial formulations and therapeutics

Social Network Analysis for Pace Suburban Bus Stakeholders (semester?), IPRO 321: Pace Project IPRO 321 Abstract Sp05

The Communication Design Workshop is an IPRO and is cross-listed with this main campus program. The sponsor is Pace, a successful and forward looking suburban Chicago bus company serving a six county market the size of Rhode Island. The focus of the workshop is to identify factors that will help Pace retain riders. Retention is a significant issue as it has direct financial implications and Pace does not know why they lose riders. Communication issues may be part of the retention problem. Pace will share existing research with us — we will extend and supplement this work.Sponsorship: PaceDeliverables for IPRO 321: Social Network Analysis for Pace Suburban Bus Stakeholders for the Spring 2005 semeste

Social Network Analysis for Pace Suburban Bus Stakeholders (semester?), IPRO 321: Pace Project IPRO 321 Poster Sp05

The Communication Design Workshop is an IPRO and is cross-listed with this main campus program. The sponsor is Pace, a successful and forward looking suburban Chicago bus company serving a six county market the size of Rhode Island. The focus of the workshop is to identify factors that will help Pace retain riders. Retention is a significant issue as it has direct financial implications and Pace does not know why they lose riders. Communication issues may be part of the retention problem. Pace will share existing research with us — we will extend and supplement this work.Sponsorship: PaceDeliverables for IPRO 321: Social Network Analysis for Pace Suburban Bus Stakeholders for the Spring 2005 semeste

Social Network Analysis for Pace Suburban Bus Stakeholders (semester?), IPRO 321: Pace Project IPRO 321 IPRO Day Presentation Sp05

The Communication Design Workshop is an IPRO and is cross-listed with this main campus program. The sponsor is Pace, a successful and forward looking suburban Chicago bus company serving a six county market the size of Rhode Island. The focus of the workshop is to identify factors that will help Pace retain riders. Retention is a significant issue as it has direct financial implications and Pace does not know why they lose riders. Communication issues may be part of the retention problem. Pace will share existing research with us — we will extend and supplement this work.Sponsorship: PaceDeliverables for IPRO 321: Social Network Analysis for Pace Suburban Bus Stakeholders for the Spring 2005 semeste