Significant perceived stressors in irritable bowel syndrome: a stress interventional module analysed

Background: Psychological stress is an important factor for the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). More and more clinical and experimental evidences are showing that IBS is a combination of irritable bowel and irritable brain. As IBS is a stress sensitive disorder, its treatment should focus on managing stress and stress-induced responses.Methods: This is a hospital based longitudinal study. 72 patients fulfilling the Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome were enrolled into the study. Perceived stress was assessed using student stress dimension questionnaire (SSDQ) while IBS severity was assessed using IBS severity scoring system (IBS-SSS). The stress interventional module (SIM) consist of specific domain targeted psychological interventions given to the patients weekly based on the stress domain mapping. The effectiveness of these interventions on reducing stress as well as IBS severity was assessed at baseline, and weeks 2, 4 and 6 follow-ups.Results: Of the studied IBS patients, most had SPS in multiple life domains while familial and interpersonal domains were affected in 78%. Also, total stress load in form of mean cumulative stress load at baseline was 451.1 which decreased significantly to 274.4 over 6 weeks. This SIM brought about a reduction in mean irritable bowel syndrome severity score from 27.5 to 20.6 in 6 weeks. This reduction in IBS severity score overtime was significant (p=0.001).Conclusions: Patients of irritable bowel syndrome show significant stress in multiple domains of life, which require proper assessment and management. Authors propose that individual-specific interventions aimed at reducing stress in all psychosocial life domains are efficacious and should be an integral part of managing IBS

Numerical solution of the Biot/elasticity interface problem using virtual element methods

We propose, analyze and implement a virtual element discretization for an interfacial poroelasticity-elasticity consolidation problem. The formulation of the time-dependent poroelasticity equations uses displacement, fluid pressure, and total pressure, and the elasticity equations are written in the displacement-pressure formulation. The construction of the virtual element scheme does not require Lagrange multipliers to impose the transmission conditions (continuity of displacement and total traction, and no-flux for the fluid) on the interface. We show the stability and convergence of the virtual element method for different polynomial degrees, and the error bounds are robust with respect to delicate model parameters (such as Lame constants, permeability, and storativity coefficient). Finally, we provide numerical examples that illustrate the properties of the scheme

Interdisciplinary sequential management of combination traumatic dental injuries

Combination dental trauma or combination traumatic dental injuries (C-TDIs) are often seen with unique presentations. Although most guidelines address the evidence-based management of such injuries in detail, a sequential protocol and classifications for C-TDI are lacking. In these scenarios, clinical details with imaging tools play an essential role by helping the clinician apply the elements of the TDI protocol in the correct sequence. However, most cases of C-TDI are attended by a general dentist, who often finds it difficult to make such clinical decisions, adversely affecting the prognosis. This article reports a case of a 14-year-old male patient with avulsion of 12, intrusion of 11, 21, and 13, and uncomplicated crown fracture of 11, 21, and 14, with a sequential interdisciplinary approach for the management and long-term follow-up of 10 years

Major phenolic compounds, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of Selinum carvifolia (L.) collected from different altitudes in India

Antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat to public health, raising the number of diseases in the community. Recent research has shown that plant-derived phenolic compounds have strong antimicrobial, antifungal, and cytotoxic properties against a variety of microorganisms and work as great antioxidants in such treatments. The goal of the current work is to evaluate the anticancerous, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities in the extracts of the different plant parts (leaves, stems, and roots) of S. carvifolia (L.) L. This is a medicinally important plant and has been used for different kinds of diseases and ailments such as hysteria and seizures. The phenolic compounds from the different plant parts were analyzed using HPLC and the following were found to be present: chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, rutin, syringic acid, vanillic acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, and protocatechuic acid. Gallic acid was found to have the highest concentration (13.93 mg/g), while chlorogenic acid (0.25 mg/g) had the lowest. The maximum TPC value, which ranged from 33.79 to 57.95 mg GAE/g dry extract weight, was found in the stem. Root extract with 9.4 mg RE/g had the greatest TFC level. In the leaf and stem extracts, the RSC ranged from 0.747 mg/mL to 0.734 mg/1 mL GE/g dry extract weight, respectively. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to measure in vitro antioxidant activity. In a concentration-dependent way, promising antioxidant activity was reported. Moreover, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) and the Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent technique were used to determine reducing sugar content and total phenolic content, respectively. Antibacterial activity against eight strains (MIC: 250–1,000 μg/mL) was analyzed, and the stem extract exhibited maximum activity. Antifungal activity was also assessed, and potent activity was reported especially in the extract obtained from the stem. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using an MTT assay in the A549 cell line, where different doses (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) of leaf, root, and stem extracts were used. Treatment with these extracts reduced the cell viability, indicating that S. carvifolia may possess anticancer potential, which can be of great therapeutic value

Virtual element approximations for two species model of the Advection-Diffusion-Reaction in poroelastic media

This paper proposes virtual element methods for approximating the mathematical model consisting of coupled poroelastic and Advection-Diffusion-Reaction (ADR) equations. The space discretization relies on virtual element spaces containing piecewise linear polynomials as well as non-polynomials for displacement, pressure and concentrations, and piecewise constant for total pressure; a backwardEuler scheme is employed for the approximation of time derivative. Using standard techniques of explicit schemes, the well-posedness of the resultant fully discrete scheme is derived. Moreover, under certain regularity assumptions on the mesh, optimal apriori error estimates are established by introducing suitable projection operators. Several numerical experiments are presented to validate the theoretical convergence rate and exhibit the proposed scheme’s performance

Occurrence of oral mucosal lesions in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A hospital based study

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia which leads to many complications including those in the oral cavity. Oral mucosal lesions are one of them. The study was conducted to investigate the various oral mucosal alterations in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to compare them with control subjects. Material and methods: An observational case–control study was carried out at Dental outpatient department of MGM Medical College & Hospital, Jamshedpur. It involved 74 diabetic mellitus type 2 patients and 74 non- diabetic control subjects. Complete case history was recorded with thorough clinical examination using specially designed case history format. Extraoral and intraoral examinations were performed using a mouth mirror, probe, tweezers and gauze. Result: With respect to specific oral mucosal lesions, Coated tongue and Xerostomia were the most prevalent among the Diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. A highly significant differences found for Coated tongue (p = 0.000) and Xerostomia (p = 0.001) among the cases and controls. Fissured tongue, lingual varicosity, melanin pigmentation and frictional keratosis found to be more in Diabetes mellitus type 2 patients than control subjects but the differences were not significant

Combating deepfakes: a comprehensive multilayer deepfake video detection framework

Deepfakes represent a class of synthetic media crafted with the aid of advanced deep learning techniques that exhibit an unparalleled degree of authenticity. The rapid advancement in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of deepfakes on the internet, consequently amplifying the spread of misinformation among the public. Consequently, the detection of deepfakes has become a pressing concern. In this context, we put forth a comprehensive framework for deepfake video detection, which is built upon three distinct layers. The first layer, termed as the RGB features extraction layer, is designed to identify potential signs of forgery within the spatial domain of analogous video frames. The second layer, known as the GAN features extraction layer, focuses on the extraction of forgery fingerprints in the high-frequency region. This layer is specifically engineered to detect the fingerprints left by the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) process in fake videos and the traces of the imaging process in genuine videos. The third and final layer, referred to as the facial region intra-frame inconsistency feature extraction layer, is dedicated to uncovering the anomalies associated with the manipulation process. This is achieved by extracting features from both the inner and outer regions of the manipulated portion of a frame. The extensive experimental evaluations have underscored the superior performance of proposed approach in comparison to existing state-of-the-art methods</p

AN UPDATED OVERVIEW OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), also known as Stein-Leventhal Syndrome, was first described in 1935. PCOS, which may also be referred to as polycystic ovary disease is the most common hormonal disorder found in premenopausal women. PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and is the most common cause of infertility due to ovulation. A PCOS is an endocrine disorder which affects the adolescent girls. A PCOS is a condition in which a woman has an imbalance of female sex hormones. This may lead to changes in the menstrual cycle, cyst in the ovary, failure to conceive, and other health problems. It is a common health problem among teenagers and young women. It affects 5–10% of women in their reproductive years. These problems cause infertility. Two principal components to diagnose this syndrome are menstrual dysfunction and clinical or laboratory hyperandrogenism in which these items are used in clinical diagnosis. PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects between 5% and 10% of women of reproductive age and remains the most enigmatic reproductive disorders. The most common symptoms of PCOS are obesity, acne, amenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism, insulin resistance (IR), and high cholesterol. Due to the varied nature of PCOS and the large range of possible signs and symptoms, health personnel need a thorough knowledge of the disorder and its management. It is a major disorder characterized by elevated levels of male hormones (androgens), acne, and hirsutism. It can even cause IR, anovulation, and infertility on prolonging incidence of cysts. One of the treatments for PCOS is the use of synthetic medicine, which can help to treat PCOS but with side effects. However, many women who suffer from PCOS opt to use alternative medicine in conjunction with traditional medicine to improve their condition. There are some herbs that are very helpful in treating PCOS. Since PCOS is a curable disorder, it can be cured by the use of natural remedies or allopathic medication. There is a growing interest in herbal remedies or allopathic medication to cure the PCOS. There is a need to change the lifestyle management, diet to control the PCOS level. The natural remedies include treatment with phytoestrogenic and non-estrogenic herbs such as Licorice, Ginseng, Black cohosh, Dong, soy, evening primrose, honey, fenugreek, Schisandra root, and many other which are effective and safe. Many plants have been highly esteemed sources and have advantages which reduce PCOS and also having a hypoglycemic effect. In this review, an attempt has been made to study the use of natural remedy for the treatment of PCOS