Late Dialysis Modality Education Could Negatively Predict Peritoneal Dialysis Selection

Patients with end-stage renal disease are less likely to choose peritoneal dialysis (PD) as renal replacement therapy (RRT). The reasons for this biased selection are still poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the timing of RRT education on PD selection. This single-center retrospective observational study included patients who initiated maintenance dialysis at our hospital between April 2014 and July 2021. A logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association of RRT education timing with PD selection. Among the 355 participants (median age [IQR] 70 (59–79) years; 28.7% female), 53 patients (14.9%) and 302 patients (85.1%) selected PD and hemodialysis, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) at RRT education positively predicted PD selection (p < 0.05), whereas old age (p < 0.01) and high Charlson comorbidity index (p < 0.05) were negative predictors of PD selection. Female sex (p = 0.44), welfare public assistance (p = 0.78), living alone (p = 0.25), high geriatric nutritional risk index (p = 0.10) and high eGFR at first visit to the nephrology department (p = 0.83) were not significantly associated with PD selection. Late RRT education could increase the biased selection of dialysis modality

A tailored tetravalent peptide displays dual functions to inhibit amyloid β production and aggregation

Multivalent peptide library screens identify a tetravalent peptide that binds APP and A β via multivalent interactions and reduces A β in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease model mice

Development of a Novel Tetravalent Synthetic Peptide That Binds to Phosphatidic Acid

<div><p>We employed a multivalent peptide-library screening technique to identify a peptide motif that binds to phosphatidic acid (PA), but not to other phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS). A tetravalent peptide with the sequence motif of MARWHRHHH, designated as PAB-TP (phosphatidic acid-binding tetravalent peptide), was shown to bind as low as 1 mol% of PA in the bilayer membrane composed of PC and cholesterol. Kinetic analysis of the interaction between PAB-TP and the membranes containing 10 mol% of PA showed that PAB-TP associated with PA with a low dissociation constant of K_D = 38 ± 5 nM. Coexistence of cholesterol or PE with PA in the membrane enhanced the PAB-TP binding to PA by increasing the ionization of the phosphomonoester head group as well as by changing the microenvironment of PA molecules in the membrane. Amino acid replacement analysis demonstrated that the tryptophan residue at position 4 of PAB-TP was involved in the interaction with PA. Furthermore, a series of amino acid substitutions at positions 5 to 9 of PAB-TP revealed the involvement of consecutive histidine and arginine residues in recognition of the phosphomonoester head group of PA. Our results demonstrate that the recognition of PA by PAB-TP is achieved by a combination of hydrophobic, electrostatic and hydrogen-bond interactions, and that the tetravalent structure of PAB-TP contributes to the high affinity binding to PA in the membrane. The novel PA-binding tetravalent peptide PAB-TP will provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the recognition of PA by PA-binding proteins that are involved in various cellular events.</p></div

鮪川層・安田層・潟西層の関係について

The younger Cenozoic strata, the Shibikawa through the Katanishi formation, on the north coast of the Oga peninsula, north Japan, were stratigraphically examined through the detailed field observation of lithostratigraphy, particle-size analysis of the sediment samples and discrimination of the stratigraphic range and frequency of the fossil species obtained. The field observation clarified cyclic sedimentation and a few morphological unconformities in that sequence. Particle-size analysis confirmed the cyclic sedimentation in more refined sense. Furthermore it suggested that the Anden and the Katanishi formation are represented chiefly by off-shore sand and a transition from shore sand to dune sand, respectively, and that the sediments of these types are quite different from those of the Shibikawa. Almost all the molluscan species obtained from the formations in question range through Quaternary except for only three extinct ones. Accordingly any difference in fossil assemblages by horizon must be reflected by the ecological and/or sedimentary environmental conditions. Several faunal gaps in this sense were recognized. Among them the gaps between the Shibikawa and Anden and the Anden and Katanishi are much more remarkable than the others. Concerning with the evolutionary stratigraphy, the Shibikawa and the Anden formation are respectively included in Turritella otukai zone and T. andenensis zone. The zonal index T. andenesis a direct discendant of T. otukai. Under such circumstance mentioned above, the Shibikawa, Anden and Katanishi are reasonably distinguished stratigraphicaly and they should be treated as the separate formations