Calculations of Cotton Effects in the Vacuum UV Region for Chilar v-Lactones. Correlation with the Absolute Stereochemistry

A graphic method of Drude equations was applied to calculate the Cotton effects below 180 nm region for various types of aand/ er y-substituted-y-lactones 1-10. The Cotton effects at ca. 170 nm were found to reflect the stereochemistry at C-2 (negative for f3 and positive for a) and C-4 (positive for f3 and negative for a) as well as the ring conformation (positive for E3 and negative for 3E) of which rotational contributions at 589 nm were suggested as the origin of Hudson\u27s lactone rule

Calculations of Cotton Effects in the Vacuum UV Region for Aldonic Acid 1,4-Lactones and Interpretations of Hudson\u27s Lactone Rule

A graphic method of Drude equation was applied to a series of aldonic acid 1,4-lactones 1-7 to investigate possible Cotton effects below 200nm. The calculation shows three bands at 220nm, 170 nm and 130 nm to reflect the stereochemistries at C-2, C-4 and rtng conformations and vicinal OH at C-3 and C-4, respectively. The sum of the rotational contributions at 589 nm of these bands explained the applicability of Hudson\u27s lactone rule in sugar lactones

Depth perception from second-order-motion stimuli yoked to head movement

AbstractWe examined whether depth perception was produced by the parallax of second-order motion (i.e., movement of non-luminance features, such as flicker, texture size modulation, or contrast modulation that moved in synchrony with lateral head movement). The results, obtained with second-order motion from a simple grating stimuli, showed that depth order was judged correctly with probabilities well above chance, but the reported depth magnitude did not co-vary with parallax magnitude. When we used a complex spatial pattern for which feature tracking was difficult, the accuracy of depth-order judgments descended to chance level. Our results suggest that the visual system (a) can detect the correct depth order by tracking a relative shift in the salient features of a stimulus pattern, but (b) cannot determine depth magnitude from a velocity field given by second-order-motion stimuli

The U.S. air bag regulation : an evaluation of public policy

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-115).by Hiroshi Nishida.M.S

Preoperative factors predictive of postoperative decimal visual acuity ≥ 1.0 following surgical treatment for idiopathic epiretinal membrane

Hiroshi Kunikata1, Toshiaki Abe2, Jiro Kinukawa1, Kohji Nishida1,31Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; 2Division of Clinical Cell Therapy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, JapanPurpose: To report the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and foveal thickness (FT) values that lead to a postoperative decimal BCVA of ≥ 1.0 after surgical removal of an idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM).Methods: This is a retrospective case series of 73 eyes that underwent surgery for removal of an idiopathic ERM. All eyes had been treated by a single surgeon using a 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peel. The BCVA and FT were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively.Results: A postoperative decimal BCVA ≥ 1.0 was obtained in eyes with a preoperative decimal BCVA ≥ 0.3 but not in those with a preoperative decimal BCVA ≤ 0.2. The incidence of obtaining a postoperative decimal BCVA ≥ 1.0 was significantly (P = 0.002) higher in eyes with a preoperative decimal BCVA ≥ 0.5 (50%) than in eyes with a preoperative decimal BCVA < 0.5 (11%). Additionally, a postoperative decimal BCVA of ≥ 1.0 was obtained in 51% of the eyes that had a preoperative FT < 400 µm, compared with only 21% of eyes with a preoperative FT ≥ 400 µm (P = 0.01). The incidence of obtaining a postoperative decimal BCVA ≥ 1.0 was significantly higher in eyes with preoperative decimal BCVA ≥ 0.5 and FT < 400 µm (60%) than in eyes with preoperative decimal BCVA ≥ 0.5 and FT ≥ 400 µm (20%; P = 0.03 ) or preoperative BCVA < 0.5 and FT ≥ 400 µm (7%; P < 0.001).Conclusions: These findings indicate that eyes with both preoperative BCVA ≥ 0.5 and FT < 400 µm have a significantly better chance of obtaining a postoperative decimal BCVA ≥ 1.0 following idiopathic ERM removal.Keywords: 25-gauge vitrectomy, optical coherence tomography, epimacular membrane, epiretinal membrane, visual acuity, foveal thicknes