3,229 research outputs found
Custodial SO(4) symmetry and CP violation in N-Higgs-doublet potentials
We study the implementation of global
symmetry in general potentials with N-Higgs-doublets in order to obtain models
with custodial symmetry. We conclude that any implementation of the
custodial SO(4) symmetry is equivalent, by a basis transformation, to a
canonical one if is the gauge factor, is embedded in
and we require copies of the doublet representation of .
The invariance by SO(4) automatically leads to a CP invariant potential and the
basis of the canonical implementation of SO(4) is aligned to a basis where
CP-symmetry acts in the standard fashion. We show different but equivalent
implementations for the 2HDM, including an implementation not previously
considered.Comment: 22pp, REVTeX4. Published versio
An Model for Lepton Mass Matrices with Nearly Minimal Texture
We propose a simple extension of the electroweak standard model based on the
discrete symmetry that is capable of realizing a nearly minimal
Fritzsch-type texture for the Dirac mass matrices of both charged leptons and
neutrinos. This is achieved with the aid of additional and
symmetries, one of which can be embedded in . Five complex scalar
singlet fields are introduced in addition to the SM with right-handed
neutrinos. Although more general, the modified texture of the model retains the
successful features of the minimal texture without fine-tuning; namely, it
accommodates the masses and mixing of the leptonic sector and relates the
emergence of large leptonic mixing angles with the seesaw mechanism. For large
deviations of the minimal texture, both quasidegenerate spectrum or inverted
hierarchy are allowed for neutrino masses.Comment: 11pp, 2 figures. v2: vev alignment addressed, additional analysis
performed; to appear in PR
Formation and Disruption of Cosmological Low Mass Objects
We investigate the evolution of cosmological low mass (low virial
temperature) objects and the formation of the first luminous objects. First,
the `cooling diagram' for low mass objects is shown. We assess the cooling rate
taking into account the contribution of H_2, which is not in chemical
equilibrium generally, with a simple argument of time scales. The reaction
rates and the cooling rate of H_2 are taken from the recent results by Galli &
Palla (1998). Using this cooling diagram, we also estimate the formation
condition of luminous objects taking into account the supernova (SN) disruption
of virialized clouds. We find that the mass of the first luminous object is
several times 10^7 solar mass, because smaller objects may be disrupted by the
SNe before they become luminous. Metal pollution of low mass (Ly-alpha) clouds
also discussed. The resultant metallicity of the clouds is about 1/1000 of the
solar metallicity.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, To appear in ApJ
Fano-Kondo effect in a two-level system with triple quantum dots: shot noise characteristics
We theoretically compare transport properties of Fano-Kondo effect with those
of Fano effect. We focus on shot noise characteristics of a triple quantum dot
(QD) system in the Fano-Kondo region at zero temperature, and discuss the
effect of strong electric correlation in QDs. We found that the modulation of
the Fano dip is strongly affected by the on-site Coulomb interaction in QDs.Comment: 4 pages, 6figure
On the Thermal Instability in a Contracting Gas Cloud and Formation of a Bound Cluster
We perform linear analysis of thermal instability in a contracting large
cloud filled with warm HI gas and investigate the effect of metallicity and
radiation flux. When the cloud reaches critical density n_f, the cloud
fragments into cool, dense condensations because of thermal instability. For a
lower metallicity gas cloud, the value of n_f is high. Collision between
condensations will produce self-gravitating clumps and stars thereafter. From
the result of calculation, we suggest that high star formation efficiency and
bound cluster formation are realized in low-metallicity and/or strong-radiation
environments.Comment: 7 pages, including 7 figures, LaTeX2e(emulateapj5.sty) To appear in
ApJ, Jun 10, 200
Axion Like Particles and the Inverse Seesaw Mechanism
Light pseudoscalars known as axion like particles (ALPs) may be behind
physical phenomena like the Universe transparency to ultra-energetic photons,
the soft -ray excess from the Coma cluster, and the 3.5 keV line. We
explore the connection of these particles with the inverse seesaw (ISS)
mechanism for neutrino mass generation. We propose a very restrictive setting
where the scalar field hosting the ALP is also responsible for generating the
ISS mass scales through its vacuum expectation value on gravity induced
nonrenormalizable operators. A discrete gauge symmetry protects the theory from
the appearance of overly strong gravitational effects and discrete anomaly
cancellation imposes strong constraints on the order of the group. The
anomalous U symmetry leading to the ALP is an extended lepton number and
the protective discrete symmetry can be always chosen as a subgroup of a
combination of the lepton number and the baryon number.Comment: 29pp. v4: published version with erratum. Conclusions unchange
The Quest for an Intermediate-Scale Accidental Axion and Further ALPs
The recent detection of the cosmic microwave background polarimeter
experiment BICEP2 of tensor fluctuations in the B-mode power spectrum basically
excludes all plausible axion models where its decay constant is above
GeV. Moreover, there are strong theoretical, astrophysical, and cosmological
motivations for models involving, in addition to the axion, also axion-like
particles (ALPs), with decay constants in the intermediate scale range, between
GeV and GeV. Here, we present a general analysis of models
with an axion and further ALPs and derive bounds on the relative size of the
axion and ALP photon (and electron) coupling. We discuss what we can learn from
measurements of the axion and ALP photon couplings about the fundamental
parameters of the underlying ultraviolet completion of the theory. For the
latter we consider extensions of the Standard Model in which the axion and the
ALP(s) appear as pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons from the breaking of global
chiral (Peccei-Quinn (PQ)) symmetries, occuring accidentally as low
energy remnants from exact discrete symmetries. In such models, the axion and
the further ALP are protected from disastrous explicit symmetry breaking
effects due to Planck-scale suppressed operators. The scenarios considered
exploit heavy right handed neutrinos getting their mass via PQ symmetry
breaking and thus explain the small mass of the active neutrinos via a seesaw
relation between the electroweak and an intermediate PQ symmetry breaking
scale. We show some models that can accommodate simultaneously an axion dark
matter candidate, an ALP explaining the anomalous transparency of the universe
for -rays, and an ALP explaining the recently reported 3.55 keV gamma
line from galaxies and clusters of galaxies, if the respective decay constants
are of intermediate scale.Comment: 43pp, 4 figures. v2: version accepted for publication in JHE
CP violation conditions in N-Higgs-doublet potentials
Conditions for CP violation in the scalar potential sector of general
N-Higgs-doublet models (NHDMs) are analyzed from a group theoretical
perspective. For the simplest two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) potential, a
minimum set of conditions for explicit and spontaneous CP violation is
presented. The conditions can be given a clear geometrical interpretation in
terms of quantities in the adjoint representation of the basis transformation
group for the two doublets. Such conditions depend on CP-odd pseudoscalar
invariants. When the potential is CP invariant, the explicit procedure to reach
the real CP-basis and the explicit CP transformation can also be obtained. The
procedure to find the real basis and the conditions for CP violation are then
extended to general NHDM potentials. The analysis becomes more involved and
only a formal procedure to reach the real basis is found. Necessary conditions
for CP invariance can still be formulated in terms of group invariants: the
CP-odd generalized pseudoscalars. The problem can be completely solved for
three Higgs-doublets.Comment: RevTeX4 used. Minor modifications, in particular, the parameter
counting of . v3: Eqs.(28)-(31) correcte
- …