Article Addendum: Ecocultural basis of cognition: Farmers and fishermen are more holistic than herders

It has been hypothesized that interdependent (versus independent) social orientations breed more holistic (versus analytic) cognitions. If so, farming and small-scale fishing, which require more cooperation (and represent a more interdependent mode of being) than does herding, may encourage a more holistic mode of cognition. To test this hypothesis we compared responses to tasks measuring categorization, reasoning, and attention by members of herding, fishing, and farming communities in the eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The samples did not differ from each other in important demographic variables such as nationality, ethnicity, language, and religion, as well as age and education. As hypothesized, in all three tasks, results indicated a greater degree of holistic mode of cognition exhibited by the members of fishing and farming communities than members of herding communities. The findings support the notion that level of special interdependence fostered by ecocultural settings is likely to shape the ways in which individuals perceive and attend to their surrounding world

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Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91931/1/anticreativity.pd

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Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91934/1/culture_and_cognition.pd

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Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91930/1/culture_and_dialectics.pd

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Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92173/1/TheEffectsOfGraduateTraining.pd

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Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91927/1/culture_change_prediction.pd

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Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91935/1/culture_control.pd

Evolutionary psychology, biology, and cultural evolution

Evolutionary approaches to behavior, so far from indicating that human behavioral patterns must be universal and “wired,” actually provide us with good reasons for expecting cultural diversity and good tools for showing how it might develop. Even gender-role related behavior may be very plastic. Highly “macho” male behavior may be an adaptation to dangerous ecological and economic constraints. Similarly, homicide rates differ massively from culture to culture and may be under the control of specificable ecological and economic constraints.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45363/1/11031_2004_Article_BF00996184.pd

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Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91933/1/culture_change_blindness.pd