N-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-2-hy­droxy­benzamide

In the title compound, C13H10ClNO2, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 20.02 (6)° and intra­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds both generate S(6) rings. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into C(6) chains propagating in [010]

5-Chloro-2-hy­droxy­benzoic acid

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C7H5ClO3, contains two mol­ecules; both feature an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, which generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, both mol­ecules form inversion dimers linked by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with R 2 2(8) ring motifs. The dimers are inter­linked by C—H⋯O inter­actions

The Nexus between Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty of four South Asian Economies

This study data have been taken from World Bank side during the time span from 1989 to 2016. This study explores the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. The EGARCH model is used to check the inflation uncertainty among four countries. The asymmetric behavior of inflation uncertainty has also been found by this method. The granger causality test is used to check the direction between inflation and inflation uncertainty. The result of this study showed that there were positive shocks among all the developing countries such as Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. The results of Granger Causality test showed that bi-directional causality exists between inflation and inflation uncertainty in south Asian economies

2-Hy­droxy-N-(4-methyl­phen­yl)benzamide

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C14H13NO2, the mol­ecules are approximately planar, the r.m.s. deviation for all non-H atoms being 0.0435 Å; the dihedral angle between the two rings is 3.45 (12)°. The planarity is accounted for in terms of the presence of intra­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, each of which completes an S(6) ring motif. The mol­ecules are stabilized in the form of supra­molecular chains extending along the crystallographic c axis due to inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding; each type leads to an R 2 1(6) ring motif

Interplay of chemo attractant peptides (cathelicidin and chemerin) with vitamin-D in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Aim: Both Cathelicidin and Chemerin are chemoattractant proteins and possess antimicrobial activity.Sufficient level of Vitamin D is important for optimum response of Cathelicidin for its antimycobacterial activity. Studies on the role of these antimicrobial peptides and their relationship withVitamin D level are limited in tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to investigate an associationof Vitamin D with antimicrobial peptide (Cathelicidin) and an adipokine (Chemerin) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods: In a case control study we estimated level of Vitamin D, Chemerin, Cathelicidin and TNFα in pulmonary TB patients (n=22) and healthy endemic controls (n=17) using sandwich ELISA methodology. The study was conducted at Aga Khan University Karachi during 2011. Results: TB group had higher proportion of subjects above median level of Cathelicidin (median test; p=0.034) and fewer number of subjects with Chemerin (median test; p=0.001).Pairwise comparison also showed significant differences between average ranks of Vitamin D vs.Cathelicidin (p\u3c0.0001), Chemerin vs. Cathelicidin (p=0.04) and Vitamin D vs.TNFα(p\u3c0.0001). Cathelicidin was identified as most discriminatory marker between TB disease and healthy group(ROC,AUC 0.780; p=0.007). Conclusion: Our results highlight the role of Cathelicidin as a potential biomarker of active TB disease. The role of Cathelicidin and Chemerin as plausible biomarkers requires further studies in both inflammatory and non inflammatory condition

2-Hy­droxy-5-nitro-N-phenyl­benzamide

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C13H10N2O4, is almost planar with a dihedral angle between the benzene rings of 1.99 (13)°. The nitro group and its parent benzene ring are oriented at a dihedral angle of 7.6 (3)°. Intra­molecular C—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form two planar S(6) motifs. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O=C hydrogen bonds join mol­ecules into chains extending along the c axis

4-Chloro-2-hy­droxy-N-(4-methyl­phen­yl)benzamide

In the title compound, C14H12ClNO2, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 14.87 (11)° and an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating C(6) chains propagating along the c-axis direction

Feeding Ecology of Reintroduced Blackbucks in Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur

The study was conducted in Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur, in June 2021. This study aimed to explore the food habits and dry matter intake of reintroduced blackbuck in Lal Suhanra. The critical methods employed in this study were the direct observation of food, bite rate, and fecal output of blackbuck aided with binoculars (8 × 50). A total of 3840 bites in the RD 65 enclosure and 3929 edges in the RD 65 enclosure were recorded, accounting for the average bite rates of 43.5 bites/min in RD 25 and 44.03 bites/min in RD 65. The average dry weight of the bite was 0.067 g in the enclosure RD 25 and 0.081g in RD 65. Total dry matter intake for an adult blackbuck was 1.07 kg/day in RD 25 and 1.09 kg/day in RD 65. The average daily defecation rate was 7.34 times and 7.89 times in both enclosures. Daily fecal output in average dry weight was 362g for RD 25 and 340 g for RD 65. Dry matter digestibility was, on average, 66.32 % for RD 25 and 68.97 % for RD 65. The blackbuck at RD 65 are more healthy, with a high birth rate and less mortality. The blackbuck preferred 8 plant species and 10 plant species for feeding at RD 25 and RD 65 respectively. For their long-term survival in LSNP, control of diseases, cultivation of seasonal food, plantation of edible plants, habitat extension, and proper management should be considered

Establishment of Hand Rearing Protocols with Respect to Feeding, Physiological and Behavioral Aspects in Abandoned Lion Cubs at Safari Zoo Lahore

African lion (Panthera leo) being most attractive but vulnerable exhibit of zoos and safaris; need particular attention to breeding plans. At captive sites, lioness neglects newborns commonly; at that stage, hand rearing is preferred. This study will highlight the best practices for hand-rearing lion cubs, including knowledge of early medical issues along with their treatment during the first 4 months of growth. 34 lions (08Male: 17Females: 9Cubs) were housed on 15 acres during 2019-21 at Safari Zoo Lahore. A total of 04 lionesses were found entirely abandoned to 05 newborns (03 males & 02 females). The hand-rearing period was divided into four phases based on age and feeding protocol and every cub was offered formula milk with or without meat depending upon age. The average weight gain of all the cubs was recorded along with problems/ conditions faced during process. The male cub 3 was found highest in weight gain but statistically no age wise or sex wise difference in growth was observed. The major problems faced were constipation, diarrhea, hyperthermia, eye blindness, and hind quarter weakness in 100 %, 100 %, 40 %, 20 %, and 40 % animals, respectively. All five successfully hand-reared cubs were shifted to 03 sub- adult lion’s enclosures. The behavioral changes of all the lion cubs were also recorded concerning aggression while feeding and pacing in the enclosure, etc. The study outcomes the protocol for hand rearing abandoned lion cubs, which would ultimately be helpful to the zoo keepers and wildlife conservationists

2-Hy­droxy-N-(3-nitro­phen­yl)benzamide

In the crystal structure of title compound, C13H10N2O4, as expected, the nitro- and hy­droxy-substituted benzene rings are planar with r. m. s. deviations of 0.0037 and 0.0014 Å, respectively, but are twisted slightly relative to each other, making a dihedral angle of 12.23 (7)°. The nitro group is only slightly twisted [by 2.71 (16)°] with respect to its parent ring. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond forms an S(6) ring motif. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds build up sheets parallel to the ab plane. Futhermore, weak π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.7150 (8) 3.7342 (6) and 3.9421 (8) Å] between the rings yield a three-dimensional network