318 research outputs found
Sticking with Carrots and Sticks (Sticking Points Aside): A Response to Ventakapuram, Goldberg, and Forrow
I would like to thank Sridhar Ventakapuram, Daniel Goldberg, and Lachlan Forrow for thoughtful responses to my article (1â4). All endorse my main point, that conditioning the very aid that patients need in order to become healthier on their success in becoming healthier is (usually) wrong. They may think me, however, too friendly to an approach that gives patients âcarrotsâ or âsticksâ depending on how healthy their choices are. Ventakapuram writes, âWhat comes out of the article most clearly is that Eyal is fine with the carrots and sticks approach to health policy, he just wants to help clarify what should and should not be the carrots and sticksâ
Non-Consequentialist Utilitarianism
Full Text / Article completEthics 101 students read that utilitarianism is a version of consequentialism. It is not, for the following reason. Utilitarianism says that an act is morally right insofar as it maximizes total utility. Consequentialism says that an act is morally right insofar as it maximizes good consequences. Utilitarians may insist that you maximize total utility, you not thereby maximize good consequences. Such utilitarians would be non-consequentialists. I address replies to this simple argument. The replies center on the definitions of utilitarianism and consequentialism, respectively. Then I provide indications that non-consequentialist utilitarianism is not only a coherent and intriguing notion, it is also an important one. In particular, building on Kenneth Arrow, John Harsanyi and others, we may re-describe John Rawlsâs social theory as committed both to non-consequentialism and, provocatively but in my view inescapably, to utilitarianism. On this heretical reading, Rawlsâs central theory may be non-consequentialist utilitarian.Lâ'utilitarisme est geÌneÌralement consideÌreÌ comme une version du conseÌquentialisme. Ce nâest pas le cas, pour la raison suivante. L'utilitarisme stipule qu'un acte est moralement juste dans la mesure ouÌ il maximise l'utiliteÌ totale. Le conseÌquentialisme dit qu'un acte est moralement juste dans la mesure ouÌ il maximise les bonnes conseÌquences. Les utilitaristes insistent pour que l'utiliteÌ totale soit maximiseÌe, meÌme si les bonnes conseÌquences ne sont pas maximiseÌes. Ces utilitaristes seraient non- conseÌquentialistes. J'adresse des reÌponses aÌ cet argument. Les reÌponses se centrent sur les deÌfinitions de l'utilitarisme et du conseÌquentialisme, respectivement. Ensuite, je fournis des indications que l'utilitarisme non - conseÌquentialiste n'est pas seulement une notion coheÌrente et intrigante, mais eÌgalement importante. En particulier, en s'appuyant sur Kenneth Arrow, John Harsanyi et dâautres, nous pouvons re-deÌcrire la theÌorie sociale de John Rawls comme eÌtant aÌ la fois non-conseÌquentialiste et, de manieÌre provocatrice mais aÌ mon avis, ineÌvitable, utilitariste. Sur la base de cette lecture heÌreÌtique, la theÌorie centrale de Rawls peut eÌtre consideÌreÌe comme une forme dâutilitarisme non- conseÌquentialiste
The time-preference Nash solution
We give an axiomatic characterization of the Time-Preference Nash Solution, a bargaining solution that is applied when the underlying preferences are defined over streams of physical outcomes. This bargaining solution is similar to the ordinal Nash solution introduced by Rubinstein, Safra, and Thomson (1992), but it gives a different prediction when the set of physical outcomes is a set of lotteries.
The Time-Preference Nash Solution
We give an axiomatic characterization of the Time-Preference Nash Solution, a bargaining solution that is applied when the underlying preferences are defined over streams of physical outcomes. This bargaining solution is similar to the ordinal Nash solution introduced by Rubinstein, Safra and Thomson (1992), but it gives a different prediction when the set of physical outcomes is a set of lotteries.bargaining, ordinal Nash solution.
A Characterization of the Nash Bargaining Solution
We characterize the Nash bargaining solution replacing the axiom of Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives with three independent axioms: Independence of Non-Individually Rational Alternatives, Twisting and Disagreement Point Convexity. We give a non-cooperative bargaining interpretation to this last axiom.bargaining problem; Nash solution; axiomatic characterization; Independence of Non-Individually Rational Alternatives; Twisting; Disagreement Point Convexity
Probing Supersymmetric Flavor Models with
We discuss the supersymmetric contribution to in various
supersymmetric flavor models. We find that in alignment models the
supersymmetric contribution could be significant while in heavy squark models
it is expected to be small. The situation is particularly interesting in models
that solve the flavor problems by either of the above mechanisms and the
remaining CP problems by means of approximate CP, that is, all CP violating
phases are small. In such models, the standard model contributions cannot
account for and a failure of the supersymmetric
contributions to do so would exclude the model. In models of alignment and
approximate CP, the supersymmetric contributions can account for
only if both the supersymmetric model parameters and the
hadronic parameters assume rather extreme values. Such models are then strongly
disfavored by the measurements. Models of heavy squarks
and approximate CP are excluded.Comment: 16 pages, harvmac. v2: We added a discussion of the intriguing
implications that would follow if a recent lattice result is confirme
Constraining Extensions of the Quark Sector with the CP Asymmetry in
Models with extended quark sector affect the CP asymmetry in the decay, , in two ways: First, the top-mediated box
diagram is not necessarily the only important contribution to
mixing. Second, the CKM matrix is no longer unitary. We analyze the
constraints that follow from the CDF measurement, , on the mixing parameters of extended quark sectors.
Most noticeably, we find significant constraints on the phase of the relevant
flavor changing coupling in models with extra down quarks in vector-like
representations. Further implications for the CP asymmetry in semileptonic
decays are discussed.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, 3 figure
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