Zambia Community Development

Special Studies Experience, Summer 2016 -- Livingstone, Zambia -- Partner Agencie(s): International Volunteer HQhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134344/1/Poster_Niquette.pd

Beyond “Sharenting” a Cute Teething Baby Face: Maternal Agency in the Facebook Page of Ibuprofen-Based Analgesics for Children

Teething is an ordeal for everyone in the family. Mothers are more likely than fathers to look for tips and ideas online for soothing a baby back to sleep. For this purpose, they are also more inclined to use social media that they can access through smartphone applications, such as Facebook. And because women are still the gateway to health-product sales, they are the primary target market for the advertising of pediatric drugs online, including teething pain-relief products. Recent studies have indicated that a large proportion of millennials believe that most marketing campaigns are not tailored to them. These women have trouble both identifying with the nuclear family as well as with recognizing themselves in the usual stereotypes. They find user-generated content more trustworthy and memorable than traditional brand-generated content. In this context, one may wonder how pharmaceutical companies have adapted their advertising discourse in social media in order to get the so-called digital women influencers to participate in the construction of the millennial caring mother. Drawing on recent works in the critical analysis of discourse, I deploy Michael Halliday’s systemic functional grammar, and more precisely the transitivity system and its processes, to study the content of a Facebook page dedicated to the promotion of over-the-counter ibuprofen-based analgesics for children. This allows me to identify how the emphasis that has been placed on the efficacy of drugs contributes to overshadowing the nightmarish labour that is necessary to care for a sick child

Etude de facteurs influençant la stabilité de la performance de la filtration sur charbon actif biologique

Influence de facteurs contrôlant l'enlèvement de la matière organique biodégradable et de l'azote ammoniacal dans les filtres biologiques -- Influence de facteurs contrôlant l'enlèvement de la demande en chlore et de précurseurs de sous-produits de chloration dans les filtres biologiques -- Impacts de l'arrêt de filtres au charbon actif biologique -- Identification des facteurs pouvant influencer la stabilité de la nitrification dans les filtres au cab

Étude interactionniste de quelques disfluences typiques de la langue parlée en contexte spontané : amorce de mots, amorce de syntagmes et répétition

Une écoute attentive de conversations à bâtons rompus montre que celles-ci sont parsemées d’hésitations, de pauses dites remplies comme euh, de répétitions, d’autocorrections, de lapsus, etc. Notre recherche porte sur ces imperfections que l’on qualifie habituellement de ratés, mais que nous nommons plutôt disfluences, par soucis de neutralité. Le but est double. Il s’agit 1) de vérifier si la production de deux paires de disfluences (amorce de mot et répétition ainsi qu’amorce de syntagme et répétition) est interreliée et 2) si ces disfluences sont interreliées, de déterminer les mécanismes d’interrelation qui sous-tendent la production de celles-ci. À cette fin deux corpus multimodaux de conversations authentiques sont exploités : le Corpus de langue parlée en interaction (CLAPI) de l’Université de Lyon 2 et le Corpus de français parlé au Québec (CFPQ) de l’Université de Sherbrooke. La recherche s’inscrit dans le champ des études interactionnistes qui focalisent l’attention sur le fait que le locuteur engagé dans une conversation à bâtons rompus construit son discours au coup par coup, en s’ajustant constamment aux réactions de l’interlocuteur produites de manière vocale et mimogestuelle. La recherche permet de mieux cerner le fonctionnement de l’oral spontané en approfondissant les connaissances sur les disfluences de l’oral dans une perspective interactive. La recherche permet également de vérifier s’il existe un certain ordre dans le désordre apparent de l’oral, facette de la langue associée à la production de disfluences, un procédé souvent considéré comme aléatoire

Strategies to foster inclusion through sports : a scoping review.

This article presents the results of a scoping review on strategies that foster social inclusion of individuals with intellectual disability through sports. Five promising strategies were identified in 14 articles: 1) develop Unified Sports, 2) develop peer-support programs, 3) facilitate participation as an athlete in mainstream activities, 4) facilitate participation as a fan in mainstream activities, and 5) conduct activities to raise awareness. Their outcomes and key considerations for implementation are presented. Then, a model of social inclusion through participation in sports and physical activities is proposed, as a mean to provide guidelines on how to provide a range of meaningful opportunities for sports participation in context(s) that are as inclusive as possible with enabling supports provided as needed

Valorisation des résidus industriels de pêches pour la transformation de chitosane par technique hydrothermo-chimique

Le chitosane est une substance biodégradable d’origine naturelle obtenue par la désacétylation de la chitine, qui se trouve dans l’exosquelette des crustacés. Une de leurs applications plus récentes est le traitement des eaux. Pour favoriser l’utilisation du chitosane des exosquelettes de crustacés (crevettes, crabes, etc.) dans le traitement des eaux usées, les procédés de transformation du chitosane ont été simplifiés et optimisés. Dans la présente étude, les crustacés de crevette grise (Palaemodiae) ont été utilisés pour extraire le chitosane. Les expériences ont porté sur les effets des interactions de la concentration de la solution alcaline, du temps et de la température de réaction sur le degré de désacétylation. En plus de simplifier le processus de transformation de trois à deux étapes, les résultats montrent l’influence de la concentration d’hydroxyde de sodium (7,5‑ 12,5 M), du temps de réaction (30 ‑ 180 min) et de la température (80 ‑ 120 oC) sur le degré de désacétylation. La méthode de la spectroscopie infrarouge en film mince a été utilisée pour analyser le degré de désacétylation du chitosane. Un degré de désacétylation de 90 % a été atteint avec une concentration de la solution alcaline de 12,5 M, un temps de réaction de 120 min et une température de 110 oC. Par ailleurs, en réduisant le nombre d’étapes de transformation et la consommation de réactifs, le procédé développé est plus économique et a une meilleure performance environnementale.Chitosan is a natural biodegradable biopolymer produced from chitin, a polysaccharide derived from the shells of shrimp, crab and lobster. The development of commercial applications of chitin and chitosan in different fields such as biomedicine, nutrition, food processing, agriculture, cosmetics, and wastewater treatment has rapidly expanded in recent years. This paper investigates the hydrothermal production of chitosan from the carapace of gray shrimp (Palaemodiae) for use as a coagulant in wastewater treatment.To obtain chitosan from shrimp exoskeletons, they were treated following two different steps. The first step was the demineralization of the shrimp’s exoskeleton, where calcium was removed using dilute HCl. The second deacetylation step completely dissolved the shrimp exoskeleton using a NaOH solution. In both steps, the ratio between solution digestive and exoskeleton was studied (1:10 (w:v)). For the demineralization process, the concentration of HCl was varied from 0.5 to 3.5 M in 0.5 M intervals at constant temperatures of 25oC and 50oC. The comparison of the results using these two temperatures indicated that the most favourable demineralization occurred after 6 h at 25oC and after 2 h at 50oC at a HCl concentration of 2 M. In this case, it was not necessary to use a HCl concentration greater than 2 M due to the fixed reaction time. When the HCl solution was heated, the reaction time of the demineralization process was reduced by a factor of three compared to that when room temperature HCl was used under the same conditions. Moreover, this reaction followed a pseudo-second-order equation with approximate rate constant of 2.38 L g‑1 min‑1 at 25oC in 1.5 M HCl.The effectiveness of the transformation to chitosan depends on the interaction among the sodium hydroxide concentration, the reaction time and the temperature at which the deacetylation process occurs. The influence of the concentration of the alkaline solution, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time on the degree of deacetylation (DD) was investigated. The DD obtained was quantitatively analyzed by thin film infrared spectroscopy (IR). Film thickness was measured by using a micrometer with the smallest possible unit measurement count of 0.01 mm. First, exoskeletons were exposed to NaOH concentrations of 7.5 M, 10 M and 12.5 M for 60 min at various temperatures ranging from 60oC to 120oC at intervals of 20oC. Second, the reaction time was changed from 30 to 180 min at 100oC at 30 min intervals using the same NaOH concentrations previously mentioned. The results show that the factors that influence the DD values were the reaction temperature and the concentration of NaOH. However, based on these experiments, the concentration of NaOH influences the DD values the most. The DD values of chitosan production began to reach a constant level when the reaction temperature was greater than 100oC. As a result, after one hour at 110oC, chitosan production was obtained with different DD values of 60%, 67%, and 78% at NaOH concentrations of 10 M, 11.25 M and 12.5 M respectively. Nevertheless, chitosan could not be formed at 7.5 M NaOH, even though the reaction time was 3 h. Furthermore, when the reaction time was longer than 120 min, the DD values of chitosan increased slowly.Therefore, the optimum conditions required for the deacetylation production of chitosan from gray shrimp carapace (DD of 90%), to be applied in wastewater treatment, are as follows: the exoskeleton should be exposed to a solution of 12.5 M NaOH (45%) for 2 h at 110oC. This product is generally termed chitosan when it has greater than 65% of the acetylic groups removed.By diminishing the number of steps and reducing the chemical reagents needed, this study demonstrates the economical and environmental advantages of using chitosan as a coagulant to treat wastewater