Incorporating Psychological Trauma into ADHD Differentials: A Pilot Study of Primary Care Providers\u27 Perspectives

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP, n.d.), 40% to 50% of individuals seeking mental health services terminate prematurely due to lack of access, lack of transportation, financial constraints, child mental health professional shortages, and stigma related to mental health. These barriers contribute to primary care providers assessing and managing mental health concerns at increasing rates, particularly symptoms consistent with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neurobiological disorder beginning in childhood that is defined as “a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development” (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013, p. 59). Current literature shows that ADHD and psychological trauma have similar symptom presentation and influence on one another. The present study explored primary care providers’ assessment and management process for ADHD, including how psychological trauma is incorporated and barriers that primary care providers experience. Semistructured interviews were conducted with three board certified general pediatricians based in the United States who have conducted assessments of ADHD with children and adolescents. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), a qualitative phenomenological approach, was used due to its ability to emphasize and summarize the lived experiences of the participants. This research identified 10 superordinate, or shared, themes throughout the three interviews: professional identity, diagnostic considerations, aspects of assessment, factors impacting assessment, types of treatment, factors impacting treatment, personal abilities and confidence, limitations in school training, need to self-education, and increasing access to care. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of primary care providers’ assessment and treatment processes for ADHD with children and adolescents, with particular interest in how psychological trauma was viewed and incorporated, and to identify perceived barriers primary care providers experience throughout this process. This research is meant to improve children’s mental health by highlighting barriers in conducting evidence-based assessment and treatment of ADHD and other mental health conditions

Regulators of \u3ci\u3erepo\u3c/i\u3e: A Search for \u3ci\u3egcm/repo\u3c/i\u3e Transcription Factors

The role of the Drosophila melanogaster gene glial cells missing (gcm) is that of a binary switch in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in specification of the glial fate for multipotent precursor cells. However, Gcm is also essential for maturation of hematocytes and tendon cells ( Alfonso and Jones, 2002; Jones, et al., 1995; Hosoya et al., 1995; Soustell et al., 2004). The varied outcomes of gcm expression imply the interaction of co-factors capable of giving the Gcm protein different meanings in different developmental contexts. The Gcm target repo is expressed exclusively in glial cells and its protein is essential for differentiation and migration of glia (Yausa et al., 2003; Lee and Jones, 2005). Defining the transcriptional role of Repo can be of significance in understanding glial specific gene expression. Systematic analysis of the repo cis-regulatory DNA indicate that a 98 base-pair region recapitulates endogenous repo expression with only a single Gcm binding site (Lee and Jones, 2005; Johnson et al. , 2011). This 98 bp Epi Repressor fragment was used as bait in a Double Interaction yeast screen to identify collaborating factors of Gcm. Fusion proteins recovered in the screen include gcm, groucho, and three proteins annotated to trichogen cell phenotypes that may function in macrochaetae development. Three confirmed positives may be related to chromatin remodeling: the co-repressor groucho, Rm62, and histone 4R. CG6770 and Groucho, were selected for further study and exhibited in vivo interactions with gcm

Salvation in Film: The Apostle, Tender Mercies, Amistad, and Sergeant York

There is a popular line of youth\u27s paraphernalia in our culture known as WWJD or What Would Jesus Do? Film is also extremely popular in our culture . Those who keep up with film as a business will note that the top grossing movies can be found in the newspapers on a weekly basis much as sports standings are listed. Each year Hollywood augments itself by churning out more films than the previous year. So in a world in which our Christian youth are asking/ What Would Jesus Do? we can ask/ would Jesus have gone to the movies? Most Christians today might be quick to say No! to this question. Contemporary society sees movies churned out each weekend as regularly as donuts from a bakery. Like the donuts, movies come in various forms, textures, styles, and tastes. Sadly, movies are often less satisfying than donuts. After viewing a majority of what is produced these days/ audiences are left with a sour taste in their collective mouth. Hollywood deals with various onslaughts from groups who claim that film plays a prominent role in what many believe to be a moral decay in our world. Movies contain violence, sex, greed, jealousy, and foul language all in an attempt for the producers to rake in millions of dollars. Many filmmakers consider their movies to be works of art (although this is a debatable issue with many films). Like art, movies seek to entertain, provide therapy, and/or make a statement about society. Yet there are some members of society who do not always agree with the means filmmakers use to achieve their goal