Pengaruh Elisitor Biotik Dan Abiotik Pada Produksi Flavonoid Melalui Kultur Jaringan Tanaman

Plant tissue culture appears to be a good alternative for production of bioactive secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids. These metabolites are naturally phenolic compounds in fruits, vegetables, seeds, bark, roots, stems, and flowers with various biological activities. Application of this method can increase secondary metabolites productivity through changes in expression of metabolic pathways, mainly by biotic and abiotic elicitors utilization. Elicitors influence secondary metabolites production through secondary pathway activation as a major response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Many studies have been being performed to find elicitors with an outstanding influence on the accumulation of flavonoids and its mechanisms. Key words: plant tissue culture, flavonoids, biotic elicitors, abiotic elicitors

Pencarian Tumbuhan Obat yang Berpotensi sebagai Antimalaria Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Etnomedisin

Malaria merupakan suatu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh beberapa parasit Plasmodium dan menjadi salah satu penyakit infeksi utama di beberapa daerah tropis seperti negara-negara Asia dan Afrika. Masalah utama dalam mengatasi malaria adalah adanya peningkatan resistensi vektor terhadap insektisida dan peningkatan resistensi parasit terhadap obat malaria, seperti klorokuin dan artemisinin. Masyarakat, khususnya para pengobat tradisional di berbagai daerah endemik tersebut telah menggunakan tumbuhan sebagai pengobatan turun-temurun untuk mengatasi demam dan gejala malaria lainnya. Fakta ini mendorong para peneliti untuk menemukan agen antimalaria baru yang terjangkau, mudah diperoleh, dan diterima secara budaya berdasarkan pengetahuan etnomedisin

Studi Etnofarmasi Penggunaan Tumbuhan Obat Oleh Suku Tengger Di Kabupaten Lumajang Dan Malang, Jawa Timur

Tengger is one of tribes in Indonesia which still conserves its tradition and culture, including local knowledge about medicinal plants remedy. Their people live in Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Lumajang, and Malang dictrict, East Java. Among the four districts, Tengger tribe in Lumajang and Malang get more influenced than the others because of Islam integration and their far location from the center of Tengger cultural rituals. Currently, young generation of Tengger tribe tend to choose conventional medicine because of their fast action and practicality. To avoid the extinction of this culture, it is need to find more information about their traditional remedy. One of methods used to explore local knowledge of medicinal plants is ethnopharmacy. Key words: ethnopharmacy, Tengger tribe, medicinal plants

Peran Studi Etnofarmasi Dalam Pencarian Tumbuhan Obat Yang Berpotensi Dikembangkan Sebagai Antidiabetes

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing worldwide and it becomes one of the main diseases which affect human health. Many clinicians prescribe polytheraphy with two or more hypoglycemic agents to achieve better glucose control as a common practice. Patients also have to take drugs for long-term therapy with their attendant side effects in addition to their high costs. It may increase non-adherence therapy of diabetic patients. As a result, patients choose alternative treatment by using herbal medicines. To search new antidiabetic medicinal plants, we can use ethnopharmacy study as an option. This approach has been used to search locally important plant species to control diabetes mellitus in traditional medicinal systems of different cultures. Key words: ethnopharmacy, diabetes mellitus, medicinal plants

Kapasitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Buah Salak (Salacca Zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) Varian Gula Pasir Menggunakan Metode Penangkapan Radikal Dpph

The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant capacity of gula pasir variant of snake fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) water extract using free radical scavenging activity of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). The inhibition concentration (IC50) sufficient to elicit 50% of a maximum effect estimated in 100% was 40.89±6.35 μg/mL for the DPPH radical scavenging activity. While the positive control, quercetin, had IC50 value of 8.79±0.90 μg/mL. Based on the IC50 value, we concluded that gula pasir variant of snake fruit extract exhibited a very strong antioxidant activity. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenol which could be responsible for the high antioxidant activity. This compound may provide protection against free radicals induced damage to biomolecules. Key words: Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss, gula pasir, antioxidant, DPPH, polypheno