PEMANFAATAN SISA BAHAN PANGAN DALAM PEMBUATAN BIOPLASTIK

Bioplastic is a biopolymer plastic that can be degraded easily by microorganisms so it can be used as alternative replaced commercial plastic. Bioplastics continue to garner scientific, industrial, and consumer interest as the detrimental ecological effects of petroleumbased plastics are unveiled. Bioplastic terminology refers to a biodegradable petrochemical plastic or a plastic material obtained from natural biological resources (biosourced bioplastic). Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa bioplastik dari sumber alam yang berbeda dapat digunakan, baik secara individu maupun gabungan, dengan dan tanpa bahan tambahan. Perbedaan sifat-sifat ini akan memungkinkan bioplastik sesuai untuk berbagai aplikasi. Semua bioplastik yang dihasilkan dapat terurai secara hayati dan ramah lingkungan, sehingga menjadi pengganti yang baik plastik berbasis minyak bumi, dan cara yang mujarab untuk mengatasi masalah pencemaran plastik

PEMBUATAN ABON UDANG DENGAN METODE DEEP FRYING DAN PAN FRYING DI DHARMA WANITA KABUPATEN BANYUASIN

Banyuasin Regency is one of the Regencies in South Sumatra Province that has a large potential of marine resources. The South Sumatra coast ecosystem is a habitat that is very suitable for shrimp life. This great potential is very stimulating for fishermen to do shrimp fishing activities, but shrimp management by fishermen is still not optimal, fishermen selling their catch at low prices. Nowadays there has been a lot of shrimp management in order to obtain the shelf life of old and good quality shrimp, one of which is shredded shrimp. Shredded shrimp is shrimp meat that is chopped and dried with the addition of certain spices. . The purpose of this activity is to create creative businesses by processing shrimp derivative products, especially shredded shrimps to improve the economy of the Banyuasin Regency through shredded shrimps commercial businesses. In this activity site surveys have been carried out, mentoring for shredded making, and provided examples of good and attractive shredded packaging designs. The implementation team also provided a consultation room for participants who wanted to develop this creative endeavor

Perancangan Pengolahan Air Limbah Laboratorium Pemurnian Crude Palm Oil (CPO) di Politeknik Negeri Kampar

Politeknik Kampar merupakan salah satu politeknik yang mempunyai laboratorium miniplan pengolahan CPO menjadi minyak goreng, biodisel dan sabun. Pada saat operasinya pengolahan ini menghasilkan limbah cair dan limbah padat. Limbah cair yang dikeluarkan oleh suatu sistem pengolahan harus dilakukan pengolahan sebelum dibuang kelingkungan. Berdasarkan percobaan yang dilakukan proses yang menghasilkan limbah adalah pada proses degumming dihasilkan air limbah sebesar 159 L per 1 kali proses dilakukan, dimana air limbah ini mengandung gum dan berwarna kuning. Pada proses netralisasi menghasilkan limbah padat yang mengandung soapstock sebesar 10,93 kg limbah per 1 kali proses dilakukan. Limbah padat ini dapat dijadikan bahan baku sabun dengan bilangan penyabunan sebesar 480,7 mgram KOH/1 gram zat uji. Air limbah yang dihasilkan dilakukan uji jartest di laboratorium menggunakan koagulan PAC (poly alumunium clorida) dan flokulan aqua clear. Berdasarkan percobaan uji jartest yang dilakukan didapat kualitas air hasil olahan sudah berada dibawah ambang batas lingkungan baik pH, warna maupun tingkat kekeruhan. Dosis ekonomis koagulan PAC adalah pada penambahan 60 g/L dan dosis aqua clear yang dibutuhkan adalah sebesar 1,2 g/L per 1 kali proses dilakukan. dilakukan pengecekan kadar COD pada air limbah, dari hasil laboratorium didapat kadar COD akhir sebesar 444,9280ppm dan efesiensi penurunan COD sebesar 63,41%. Berdasarkan hasil laboratorium dibuat perancangan unit-unit pengolahan limbah, didesain bak equalisasi, koagulasi, flokulasi dan sedimentasi. Pada penelitian ini perancangan dilakukan untuk bak sedimentasi yakni panjang 1,50m, lebar 3,20m dan tinggi 3,20m  dan bak pembubuh dengan pertimbangan sudah memenuhi volume limbah cair yang diolah

KONVERSI MINYAK JELANTAH MENJADI GREEN DIESEL DENGAN PROSES HYDROTREATING MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS NiMo/ ?-Al2O3

Green diesel merupakan senyawa alkana yang setara dengan minyak diesel berbahan dasar minyak bumi. Salah satu bahan yang dapat dikonversi menjadi green diesel adalah minyak nabati, pada penelitian ini digunakan minyak  jelantah. Minyak jelantah adalah minyak hasil penggorengan makanan dan mengalami pemanasan terus menerus. Pada suhu penggorengan 200°C rantai kimia minyak akan terurai. Green diesel diproduksi menggunakan proses katalitik hidrogenasi pada temperatur 430oC selama 5 jam. Minyak jelantah sebanyak 2000 ml direaksikan dengan gas hidrogen (H2) menggunakan bantuan katalis NiMo/ ?-Al2O3 dengan promotor K dan P untuk mempercepat reaksi. Variabel tidak tetap yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa Tekanan hidrogen sebesar 1 bar, 2 bar 3 bar, 4 bar dan 5 bar. Sampel dengan tekanan 4 bar merupakan kondisi optimum pada penelitian ini dan menghasilkan persentase yield sebesar 35,80 %. Sifat fisik green diesel yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini, antara lain densitas pada 40oC (773,74 – 778,96 kg/m3), viskositas kinematik pada 40oC (2,46 – 2,60 mm2/s), kadar air (3249,84 – 4526,46 ppm), titik nyala (46,1 – 58,1 oC), dan nilai kalor (42,13 Mj/kg)

Lipid Extraction from Microalgae Spirulina Platensis for Raw Materials of Biodiesel

Biodiesel derived from microalgae has been considered as one of the substitutes for fossil fuels. There are many microalgae with hight lipid content that can use for the raw material of biodiesel. Microalgae Spirulina plantesis in the fast few years has been developed to become biodiesel feedstock, previously this microalga was widely used in food supplements. The purpose of this research is to study the growth of microalgae in lab scale cultivation, to extract lipids by maceration, soxlet, and osmotic methods and analyze the biodiesel obtained from the transesterification process. Cultivation was carried out in laboratorium scale with bright dark lighting conditions (12:12 hours), using Walne medium, pH of 7-10 and salinity of 25-30 ppt. Cell density was observed using a microscope and was calculated using a hemasitometer. From the results of the study at the cultivation stage, it was found that the optimum pH for the growth of microalgae Spirulina Platensis was at pH of 9 and lipids obtained from maceration, osmotic and soclet extraction methods are 5.5%, 0.6%, and 9%. Biodiesel which had the highest calorific value was obtained through extraction using the maceration method with a caloric value of 11200 cal/gram and density 0,875 gram/cc

EFISIENSI TERMAL PRODUKSI STEAM DITINJAU DARI RASIO UDARA BAHAN BAKAR SOLAR PADA CROSS SECTION WATER TUBE BOILER

Cross Section Double Drum Water Tube Boiler is a steam boiler that is used to convert water into steam by heating, where the heat source comes from the combustion of fuel in the furnace. It is said that the Cross Section of the Double Drum Water Tube Boiler is because the tube arrangement in the boiler is made in the opposite direction to the drum, then this time the tool is made of a slope of 65º on the tube with the aim of reducing the force of gravity so that it will speed up the evaporation process, and has two drums. The fuel used in this study uses liquid fuel, namely diesel with the air-to-fuel ratio as a changing variable, while 15 liters of fuel and 75 kg of boiler feed water are fixed variables. The ratio of air to fuel used ranges from 15.78 to 18.16 . From the results of this study, the best response to the performance of the Cross Section Double Drum Water Tube Boiler is the air-to-fuel ratio of 17.57 ,where the boiler efficiency is 61.12%, of saturated steam and 67.18 % of superheated steam with a steam temperature of 151 ℃ and 229 ℃ , the steam pressure has reached the optimum pressure of 5 bar

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENCETAK BIOBRIKET CAMPURAN AMPAS TEH TEMPURUNG KELAPA DITINJAU DARI TEMPERATUR KARBONISASI DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI TERHADAP NILAI KALOR DAN KADAR AIR

Terbatasnya sumber energi fosil menyebabkan perlunya pengembangan energi alternatif  yang murah dan bersifat kontinyu serta dapat diperbaharui. Salah satu bahan baku yang dapat dijadikan sumber energi alternatif yaitu ampas teh dan tempurung kelapa. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan rancang bangun alat pencetak biobriket dengan sistem pneumatik yang menggunakan udara bertekanan sebesar 7 bar dari kompresor dengan 2 lubang cetakan yang berukuran diameter 32 mm dan tinggi 16 mm, menghasilkan gaya diberikan pada piston pneumatik untuk mencetak biobriket sebesar 562,688 N. Gaya dorong silinder atau gaya yang diberikan untuk mendorong silinder sehingga silinder bergerak maju sebesar 48,7714 kgf sedangkan gaya tarikan silinder sehingga silinder bergerak mundur sebesar 5,9059 kgf dengan kecepatan pergerakan maju mundur silinder yaitu 0,0561 m/s. Diameter silinder pneumatik yang di 32mm dengan double acting cylinder karena diperlukan gerakan maju mundur. Untuk menggerakaan silinder pneumatik tersebut dibutuhkan udara sebesar 3,5596 liter/menit dengan energi atau daya kompresor yang dibutuhkan sebesar 71,9 watt. Pembuatan biobriket campuran ampas teh tempurung kelapa menjadi biobriket dilakukan melalui proses karbonisasi dengan variabl tidak tetap yaitu temperatur karbonisasi 400, 450, dan 500 °C dan waktu karbonisasi 40, 50, 60, 70 dan 80 menit. Dari hasil penelitian, nilai kalor tertinggi dan telah memenuhi standar SNI 01-6235-2000 pada waktu karbonisasi 80 menit sebesar 5862,1956 cal/gr sedangkan kadar air yang telah memenuhi standar SNI 01-6235-2000 sebesar 6,87% dengan waktu karbonisasi yang sama

SOSIALISASI PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN NASI BASI SEBAGAI BIOAKTIVATOR PADA WALI SISWA/SISWI TK BINAWATI

The Pandemic made people limit their activities outside, this caused people to bored and turned to new activities that could be done at home, for example, plant cultivation, to support this new hobby, fertilizer was needed that could make plants healthy and fertile. This service activity aims to introduce organic fertilizer from household waste to parents of Binawati Kindergarten students and the community around the school. The service activity is carried out with brief exposures and demonstrations by showing videos of making organic fertilizers. With the socialization of organic fertilizer from household waste, it is hoped that in addition to reducing the amount of household waste, it is also able to produce useful product

PENGARUH VARIASI SUHU, RASIO MOL REAKTAN DAN PERSEN KATALIS TERHADAP METIL ESTER SULFONAT MENGGUNAKAN REAKTOR SULFONASI

Surfactants are generally produced from petroleum and natural gas derivatives while petroleum reserves are depleting and cannot be renewed. This has the potential to cause an energy crisis on a global scale in the future. To solve this problem, alternative renewable raw materials are needed that can help make surfactants that are environmentally friendly, namely raw materials sourced from vegetable oil. One of the anionic surfactants that can be made from plant materials and is renewable is Methyl ester sulfonate. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the mole ratio, temperature and percent of the catalyst and the duration of the sulfonation reaction using NaHSO3 reactants on the resulting MES. The production process of the MES surfactant is carried out by reacting the methyl ester with the sulfonation reagent in the form of NaHSO3 and CaO catalyst in the sulfonation reactor. The results showed that MES had the best characteristics with an optimum state in the ratio of 1: 1.5 mole ratio with 1% CaO catalyst and a temperature o

Effect of Sugar, Ammonium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate as Supplementary Nutrients in Coconut Water Fermented by Acetobacter xylinum to Produce Biocellulose Membranes

Biocellulose can be made by fermentation of coconut water by Acetobacter xylinum. Microorganism. Several developed countries have been starting to research the use of biocellulose as a bio-cellulose that is easily broken down in the world of plastics or membranes, such as edible films and biocellulose membranes. In this study, the biocellulose produced from fermenting at room temperature for 15 days using nutrient-enriched coconut water was converted into cellulose membranes. The treatments in the fermentation process were variations of sugar (10%, 11%, 12%), variations in nitrogen sources using ammonium sulfate (0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%) and variations in mineral sources using MgSO4 (0.10 %, 0.11%, 0.12%). The optimum results obtained in the experimental volume of 1 liter were in the condition of 12% sugar media, 0.5% ammonium sulfate and 0.12% MgSO4 where the biocellulose results had a thickness of 1.7 cm, 63.50% yield and 4.41 fiber content. %. Conversion of biocellulose into a biocellulose membrane through pressing and drying The test results of the biocellulose membrane had a rejection coefficient of 63.24% and a flux value of 15.28 lt.m-2 .hr-