Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Colonoscopic Examination of Individuals With a Family History of Colorectal Cancer

Background & aimsGuidelines recommend that persons with a high-risk family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) undergo colonoscopy examinations every 5 years, starting when they are 40 years old. We investigated factors associated with colonoscopy screening of individuals with a family history of CRC, focusing on race and ethnicity.MethodsIn a retrospective study, we analyzed data from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey on persons 40-80 years old with a first-degree relative (mother, father, sibling, or child) with CRC who had visited a physician within the past 5 years. Our study included an unweighted and population-weighted sample of 2539 and 870,214 individuals with a family history of CRC, respectively. We performed a survey-weighted logistic regression analysis to adjust for relevant demographic and socioeconomic variables and used estimates to calculate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for colonoscopy examination within the past 5 years.ResultsIn the weighted sample, 60.0% of subjects received a colonoscopy within the past 5 years. A physician recommendation for CRC screening increased the odds that an individual would undergo colonoscopy examination (relative risk, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.61-2.24). Latinos were 31% less likely to receive colonoscopies than whites (95% CI, 7%-55%). Among individuals 40-49 years old, blacks were 71% less likely to have had a colonoscopy than whites (95% CI, 13%-96%).ConclusionOn the basis of an analysis of data from the California Health Interview Survey, less than two-thirds of individuals with a family history of CRC reported receiving guideline-recommended colonoscopy examinations within the past 5 years. We observed racial and ethnic disparities in colonoscopy screening of this high-risk group; Latinos and blacks were less likely to have had a colonoscopy than whites

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Colonoscopic Examination of Individuals With a Family History of Colorectal Cancer

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Guidelines recommend that persons with a high-risk family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) undergo colonoscopy examinations every 5 y, starting when they are 40 y old. We investigated factors associated with colonoscopy screening of individuals with a family history of CRC, focusing on race and ethnicity. METHODS: In a retrospective study, we analyzed data from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey on persons 40–80 y old with a first-degree relative (mother, father, sibling or child) with CRC who had visited a physician within the past 5 y. Our study included an unweighted and population-weighted sample of 2539 and 870,214 individuals with a family history of CRC, respectively. We performed a survey-weighted logistic regression analyses to adjust for relevant demographic and socioeconomic variables and used estimates to calculate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for colonoscopy examination within the past 5 y. RESULTS: In the weighted sample, 60.0% of subjects received a colonoscopy within the past 5 y. A physician recommendation for CRC screening increased the odds that an individual would undergo colonoscopy examination (RR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.61–2.24). Latinos were 31% less likely to receive colonoscopies than Whites (95% CI, 7%–55%). Among individuals 40–49 y old, African Americans were 71% less likely to have had a colonoscopy than Whites (95% CI, 13%–96%). CONCLUSION: Based on an analysis of data from the California Health Interview Survey, less than two-thirds of individuals with a family history of CRC reported receiving guideline-recommended colonoscopy examinations within the past 5 y. We observed racial and ethnic disparities in colonoscopy screening of this high-risk group; Latinos and African Americans were less likely to have had a colonoscopy than Whites

Tree species yielding edible fruit in the coffee-based homegardens of Kerala, India: their diversity, uses and management

Cultivated fruit trees, Non-crop fruit trees, Diversity, Coffee-based homegardens,