Comparing outcome measures derived from four research designs incorporating the retrospective pretest.

Over the last 5 decades, the retrospective pretest has been used in behavioral science research to battle key threats to the internal validity of posttest-only control-group and pretest-posttest only designs. The purpose of this study was to compare outcome measures resulting from four research design implementations incorporating the retrospective pretest: (a) pre-post-then, (b) pre-post/then, (c) post-then, and (d) post/then. The study analyzed the interaction effect of pretest sensitization and post-intervention survey order on two subjective measures: (a) a control measure not related to the intervention and (b) an experimental measure consistent with the intervention. Validity of subjective measurement outcomes were assessed by correlating resulting to objective performance measurement outcomes. A Situational Leadership® II (SLII) training workshop served as the intervention. The Work Involvement Scale of the self version of the Survey of Management Practices Survey served as the subjective control measure. The Clarification of Goals and Objectives Scale of the self version of the Survey of Management Practices Survey served as the subjective experimental measure. The Effectiveness Scale of the self version of the Leader Behavior Analysis II® served as the objective performance measure. This study detected differences in measurement outcomes from SLII participant responses to an experimental and a control measure. In the case of the experimental measure, differences were found in the magnitude and direction of the validity coefficients. In the case of the control measure, differences were found in the magnitude of the treatment effect between groups. These differences indicate that, for this study, the pre-post-then design produced the most valid results for the experimental measure. For the control measure in this study, the pre-post/then design produced the most valid results. Across both measures, the post/then design produced the least valid results

Editorial: Semantic Algorithms in the Assessment of Attitudes and Personality

Editorial on the Research Topic Semantic Algorithms in the Assessment of Attitudes and Personalit

The Development and Assessment of an Instrument for Measuring Mental Model Styles in Korea

This article discusses a research study on the development and assessment of an instrument for measuring mental model styles in Korea

Chief Executive Officers’ Perceptions of Collective Organizational Engagement and Patient Experience in Acute Care Hospitals

The concept of employee engagement has garnered considerable attention in acute care hospitals because of the many positive benefits that research has found when clinicians are individually engaged. However, limited, if any, research has examined the effects of engaging all hospital employees (including housekeeping, cafeteria, and admissions staff) in a collective manner and how this may impact patient experience, an important measure of hospital performance. Therefore, this quantitative online survey-based study examines the association between 60 chief executive officers\u27 (CEOs\u27) perceptions of the collective organizational engagement (COE) of all hospital employees and patient experience. A summary measure of the US Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey scores was used to assess patient experience at each of the 60 hospitals represented in the study. A multiple linear regression model was tested using structural equation modeling. The findings of the research suggest that CEOs\u27 perceptions of COE explain a significant amount of variability in patient experience at acute care hospitals. Practical implications for CEOs and other hospital leaders are provided that discuss how COE can be used as an organizational capability to influence organizational performance

Reliability generalization for the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire: A meta-analytic view of reliability estimates

A reliability generalization meta-analysis was performed to explore the relationship between study factors and levels of alpha reliability for the 15 subscales of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). The MSLQ has been widely adapted over the past 25 years to investigate the role of motivation and strategies in learning, primarily at the postsecondary level. A literature search from the years 1991 to 2015 yielded 295 peer-reviewed journal articles and 1,369 alpha reliability coefficients. Articles were coded for six potential moderator study variables. A novel varying coefficient (VC) model was adopted to determine average reliabilities across studies for each subscale and to perform multiple regression analyses to identify study variables that may moderate alpha reliability estimates. Commonality analyses were used to aid in interpretation of regression results. Meta-analyzed alpha reliabilities were lower than values published in the test manual for all but three of the subscales. Ability of specific moderators to predict score reliability varied across subscales; however, studies in North America, in English, or using a 7-point response scale generally corresponded to increased reliability estimates. Knowledge of expected levels of score reliability under varying sample and study conditions may provide useful information for researchers planning future use of the MSLQ

Coping strategies, vision-related quality of life, and emotional health in managing retinitis pigmentosa: a survey study.

Background Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of genetic progressive retinal dystrophies that may adversely affect daily life. Those with RP should develop adaptive coping strategies to manage their condition. This study investigates the relationship between engaging (ECS) and disengaging coping strategies (DCS), vision-related quality of life (VRQoL), and emotional health, in adults living at home with retinitis pigmentosa. Method One hundred and five participants (70 female; meanage of 46.98, SD age  = 13.77) completed a cross-sectional survey. The questionnaire booklet consisted of the Coping Strategies Inventory – Short Form (32 items), the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25 (25 items), Marylands Trait Depression Scale (18 items), the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (14 items), and the Subjective Happiness Scale (4 items). Results Data was analysed with a two-block hierarchical multiple regression, with the first block controlling for the demographic data (age, sex, years since retinitis pigmentosa diagnosis, number of comorbidities, participant-perceived retinitis pigmentosa severity, and knowing RP type) and the second block consisting of primary measures (type of coping strategy, VRQoL, and Emotional Health). Type of coping strategy was found to impact psychosocial variables of VRQoL, not overall VRQoL. These psychosocial VRQoL variables had a positive association with ECS and a negative association with DCS. Emotional Health increased with ECS and decreased with DCS. There was a larger impact of DCS on VRQoL and Emotional Health compared to ECS, that is, VRQoL and Emotional Health decreased more with increasing DCS than VRQoL, and Emotional Health increased with increasing ECS. Conclusion In concordance with previous research, ECS increased with increasing VRQoL and DCS decreased with increasing VRQoL. However, the findings also indicated that DCS had a greater impact than ECS on VRQoL and Emotional Health. This suggests that diminishing DCS should be prioritised over developing ECS to positively influence VRQoL and Emotional Health. Further research should investigate the impact of reducing DCS compared to increasing ECS, and how this may influence VRQoL and Emotional Health.N/

Statistical Assumptions of Substantive Analyses across the General Linear Model: A Mini-Review

The validity of inferences drawn from statistical test results depends on how well data meet associated assumptions. Yet, research (e.g., Hoekstra, Kiers, & Johnson, 2012) indicates that such assumptions are rarely reported in literature and that some researchers might be unfamiliar with the techniques and remedies that are pertinent to the statistical tests they conduct. This article seeks to support researchers by concisely reviewing key statistical assumptions associated with substantive statistical tests across the general linear model. Additionally, the article reviews techniques to check for statistical assumptions and identifies remedies and problems if data do not meet the necessary assumptions

Data and R-scripts used to get results presented in the manuscript.

Data were simulated using CDpop. R-scripts were used in R 3.1.0

Statistical Inference in Redundancy Analysis: A Direct Covariance Structure Modeling Approach

10.1080/00273171.2022.2141675Multivariate Behavioral Research585877-89

The Generous Spirit of the Peer Review Process: Perspectives and Insights from the HRDQ Editorial Team on Providing High Quality Reviews

Are you inclined to 'agree,' 'unavailable,' or do you 'decline' when you receive a personal review invitation from Human Resource Development Quarterly (HRDQ)? We sincerely hope that you will accept our invitations to perform reviews when we reach out to personally solicit your expertise. However, we do acknowledge that many reviewers immediately decline, note their lack of availability, or send us emails acknowledging the personal and professional commitments that preclude them from contributing to the journal in the capacity of a reviewer. We fully appreciate that many potential reviewers are being overly burdened with a high volume of review requests from many different journals, and that, at times, declining reviews may be necessary, particularly if declining is better than not delivering Yet, the high quality of the manuscripts that we publish in HRDQ is largely contingent upon the high quality and timeliness of the peer review process. Therefore, we collectively decided to develop this editorial on performing high quality reviews, because, in our varied roles, many of us often have the task of reading the majority of the manuscripts that are sent out for review, reading all of the feedback provided by the reviewers who are invited to review a specific manuscript, as well as synthesizing the reviewer and editorial feedback in the process o