Retinal Area Segmentation using Adaptive Superpixalation and its Classification using RBFN

Retinal disease is the very important issue in medical field. To diagnose the disease, it needs to detect the true retinal area. Artefacts like eyelids and eyelashes are come along with retinal part so removal of artefacts is the big task for better diagnosis of disease into the retinal part.  In this paper, we have proposed the segmentation and use machine learning approaches to detect the true retinal part. Preprocessing is done on the original image using Gamma Normalization which helps to enhance the image  that can gives detail information about the image. Then the segmentation is performed on the Gamma Normalized image by Superpixel method. Superpixel is the group of pixel into different regions which is based on compactness and regional size. Superpixel is used to reduce the complexity of image processing task and provide suitable primitive image pattern. Then feature generation must be done and machine learning approach helps to extract true retinal area. The experimental evaluation gives the better result with accuracy of 96%

Assessment of microbial diversity under arid plants by culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches

In this work, microbial community structure of two distinct arid plants like ker (Capparis deciduas) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) was assessed and defined by culture-dependent and cultureindependent approaches on the basis of 16S rRNA and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The average Jaccard’s similarity coefficient values for cultivated bacteria that is within ker and pearl millet rhizosphere were 0.701 and 0.707, respectively, for non-rhizosphere of ker and pearl millet 0.739 and 0.762, respectively, and for non-cultivable bacteria under ker (0.519) and under pearl millet (0.534). Both culture- dependent and culture-independent methods indicated that in arid crops, microbial diversity is more influenced by soil type rather than plant type and lower Jaccard value for metagenome showed that whole community harbours more diversity because of different microflora than cultivated only. Salinity and temperature tolerance study of bacteria indicated that ker rhizosphere harbours more salinity and temperature tolerant bacteria.Keywords: Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), ribotyping, Thar Desert, microbial diversity, 16S rRNA.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(40), pp. 5860-586

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SEABUCKTHORN LEAF EXTRACT LOADED ETHOSOMAL GEL.

Objective: The objective of present research work is develop an ethosome as a carrier system for 75% ethanolic SBT leaf extract, its incorporationin to gel formulations and to characterize the prepared is to develop ethosomes and gel formulations using various parameters including estimationof total phenol content in terms of Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE). Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoids. SBT) is a cold desert medicinal plant, and hashigh antioxidant content, especially phenol content. There are many reports revealing pharmacological potential of SBT extracts, however, only fewliterature reports highlight the conversion of these extract in to suitable dosage.Methods: Twelve batches (F1 – F12) of ethosomes were prepared using Soyaphosphatidylcholine (SPC) (1-3%) and ethanol (10-40%). Carbopol934P was used to prepare ethosomal gel. The range of entrapment efficiency (EE) of ethosomes was 51.05%-91.09%, polydispersity index (PDI)ranges between 0.041-0.392 and vesicle size from 96.98 nm to 395 nm. Four ethosomal batches were selected on the basis of EE and PDI to be used forfurther incorporation in to 4 gel formulations (G1, G2, G3 & G4, respectively). Prepared gels were then evaluated for their physicochemical properties,drug content and diffusion characteristics.Results: The pH of the gel formulations was found to be in the range of 6.2 to 6.6. Viscosities of the gels were ranging between 4900 - 4550 centipoises.The drug content of the gels ranged between 46.47% - 82.47%. The cumulative release of ethosomal gel was maximum in G4 formulation (94.34%)and minimum in G1 (70.75%). These ethosomes, when converted in to gels, were found to show good physicochemical properties, drug content anddiffusion pattern.Conclusion: The present study revealed ethosomal gel as an efficient carrier for herbal extract.Keywords: Ethanol, Hippophae rhamnoides, Soyaphosphatidylcholine, Total phenol content

Interactive effects of rice residue and water stress on growth and metabolism of wheat seedlings

In the present study effects of rice residue with and without water stress were studied on Triticum aestivum L. cv. Shatabadi. The mixture of residue and garden soil in 1:1 ratio was considered as 50% (R1) and only decomposed residue as 100% (R2). Garden soil was taken as control. Twenty five seeds were sown in each experimental trays filled with soil mixture according to the treatments. Trays were arranged in two groups. After 15 days one set was subjected to water stress (WS) by withholding water supply for 3 days. Morphological and biochemical parameters of 18 days old seedlings were recorded. Seedling height decreased in all treatments. A gradual decrease in relative water content, pigment and protein contents of wheat seedlings were observed. Sugar and proline contents increased in treatments. An increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidative enzyme activities was recorded. Elevation in catalase activity was observed in all treatments except in plants with water deficit. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities increased when residue mixed with soil but decreased in seedlings under the combined influence of the residue and water stress. Higher amount of MDA and lower activities of APX and GPX reflected the oxidative damage in seedlings under combined treatments. Rice residue inhibited growth of wheat seedlings. Water stress intensified the effects of residue

Spin waves in the (0,pi) and (0,pi,pi) ordered SDW states of the t-t' Hubbard model: Application to doped iron pnictides

Spin waves in (0,pi) and (0,pi,pi) ordered spin-density-wave (SDW) states of the t-t' Hubbard model are investigated at finite doping. In the presence of small t', these composite ferro-antiferromagnetic (F-AF) states are found to be strongly stabilized at finite hole doping due to enhanced carrier-induced ferromagnetic spin couplings as in metallic ferromagnets. Anisotropic spin-wave velocities, spin-wave energy scale of around 200meV, reduced magnetic moment, and rapid suppression of magnetic order with electron doping x (corresponding to F substitution of O atoms in La O_{1-x} F_x Fe As or Ni substitution of Fe atoms in Ba Fe_{2-x} Ni_x As_2) obtained in this model are in agreement with observed magnetic properties of doped iron pnictides.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Association Between Body Mass Index, Flat Foot And Knock-Knee Of Physical Education Students Of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur Chhattisgarh

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between body mass index, flat foot and knock-knee of physical education students of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur Chhattisgarh. Methodology: The sample consisted of 125 university students, in the age category of 20 – 26 Years. Measurement: - BMI: for taken the weight of the student electronic weight machine was use weight in kilogram, Height: for taken the height of the student’s measure by stadiometer in centimetre. Flatfoot: calculated by manually. Foot print taken on the paper, where as foot print divided into three sections A, B & C, and then the widest part of the foot divided by the narrowest part of the foot. Knock-knee:  for identify the knock-knee stand naturally with bare legs together. If there is knocking kneed, the knees should rotate slightly inwards until they touch, with the ankles separated. Statistical analysis: To find out the association between the BMI flatfoot and knock-knee Pearson correlation employed. The level of significant was set at 0.01. Result and discussion: The result showed a significant difference between the BMI and flatfoot and no significance difference with knock-knee among the physical education students of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, bilaspur Chhattisgar