A PRESERVAÇÃO DO PATRIMÔNIO EM MINAS GERAIS: A “LEI ROBIN HOOD” E OS CONSELHOS MUNICIPAIS DE PATRIMÔNIO

O Estado de Minas Gerais possui uma história de presença pública na produção e na defesa do patrimônio cultural. Fundamentado na Lei Estadual 12.040 de 1995, o Instituto Estadual do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico de Minas Gerais (IEPHA/MG), através de suas Resoluções e Deliberações, passou a condicionar os municípios em políticas de preservação do patrimônio constituindo modelos de ação suscetíveis à contrapartida do Imposto sobre Operações relativas a Circulação de Mercadorias e sobre Prestações de Serviços (ICMS). A pesquisa, em desenvolvimento, tem como objetivo a análise dos  desdobramentos desse instrumento legal para as políticas locais através da atuação do IEPHA, focando-se na exigência do Instituto sobre a instalação de conselhos municipais de patrimônio para a configuração das referidas políticas de preservação

Integração contemporânea da América Latina: teoria e prática

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar duas teorias que, no começo da década de 1990, trataram, de forma divergente, da questão da integração latino-americana: a teoria do regionalismo aberto da CEPAL e a teoria da dependência na versão de Ruy Mauro Marini. Abordam-se, ao mesmo tempo, à luz dessas teorias, experiências recentes de integração na região. O texto se divide em duas seções. Na primeira, apresenta-se a formulação cepalina da década de 1990, quando, numa adesão ao neoliberalismo predominante na época, propõe o “regionalismo aberto”, que visaria aumentar a competitividade internacional por meio da abertura comercial. Na segunda, expõe-se a teoria integracionista que, baseada na teoria marxista da dependência, foi formulada por Marini na mesma época. Nessa versão, de um lado, a dependência externa impede o processo de integração regional e, por outro, a integração avança nos momentos em que se debilitam os laços da dependência. Em ambos os casos, examina-se a relação entre as teorias e as tentativas de integração da época

Automatic classification of drum sounds with indefinite pitch

Automatic classification of musical instruments is an important task for music transcription as well as for professionals such as audio designers, engineers and musicians. Unfortunately, only a limited amount of effort has been conducted to automatically classify percussion instrument in the last years. The studies that deal with percussion sounds are usually restricted to distinguish among the instruments in the drum kit such as toms vs. snare drum vs. bass drum vs. cymbals. In this paper, we are interested in a more challenging task of discriminating sounds produced by the same percussion instrument. Specifically, sounds from different drums cymbals types. Cymbals are known to have indefinite pitch, nonlinear and chaotic behavior. We also identify how the sound of a specific cymbal was produced (e.g., roll or choke movements performed by a drummer). We achieve an accuracy of 96.59% for cymbal type classification and 91.54% in a classification problem with 12 classes which represent the cymbal type and the manner or region that the cymbals are struck. Both results were obtained with Support Vector Machine algorithm using the Line Spectral Frequencies as audio descriptor. We believe that our results can be useful for a more detailed automatic drum transcription and for other related applications as well for audio professionals.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (grants 2011/17698-5

Evolutive follow-up of the photocatalytic degradation of real textile effluents in TiO2 and TiO2/H2O2 systems and their toxic effects on Lactuca sativa seedlings

Textile industry wastes raise a great concern due to their strong coloration and toxicity. The objective of the present work was to characterize the degradation and mineralization of textile effluents by advanced oxidative processes using either TiO2 or TiO2/H2O2 association and to monitor the toxicity of the products formed during 6 h irradiation in relation to that of the in natura effluent. The results obtained demonstrated that the TiO2/H2O2 association was more efficient in the mineralization of textile effluents than TiO2 alone, with high mineralized ion concentrations (NH4+, NO3-, and SO4(2-)) and significant organic matter reduction rates (represented by the COD and TOC). The toxicity of the degradation products to lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa) was not significant, since percent germination was not significantly affected and neither was root and sprout percent growth. However, while the TiO2/H2O2 association was more toxic in the first hours of irradiation and less so in the end of the 6 h irradiation, the toxicity of TiO2 increased only slightly in the end of the experiments. Comparatively, the photogenerated products of both the TiO2 and the TiO2/H2O2 association were less toxic than the in natura effluent

Secular Evolution and the Formation of Pseudobulges in Disk Galaxies

We review internal processes of secular evolution in galaxy disks, concentrating on the buildup of dense central features that look like classical, merger-built bulges but that were made slowly out of disk gas. We call these pseudobulges. As an existence proof, we review how bars rearrange disk gas into outer rings, inner rings, and gas dumped into the center. In simulations, this gas reaches high densities that plausibly feed star formation. In the observations, many SB and oval galaxies show central concentrations of gas and star formation. Star formation rates imply plausible pseudobulge growth times of a few billion years. If secular processes built dense central components that masquerade as bulges, can we distinguish them from merger-built bulges? Observations show that pseudobulges retain a memory of their disky origin. They have one or more characteristics of disks: (1) flatter shapes than those of classical bulges, (2) large ratios of ordered to random velocities indicative of disk dynamics, (3) small velocity dispersions, (4) spiral structure or nuclear bars in the bulge part of the light profile, (5) nearly exponential brightness profiles, and (6) starbursts. These structures occur preferentially in barred and oval galaxies in which secular evolution should be rapid. So the cleanest examples of pseudobulges are recognizable. Thus a large variety of observational and theoretical results contribute to a new picture of galaxy evolution that complements hierarchical clustering and merging.Comment: 92 pages, 21 figures in 30 Postscript files; to appear in Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 42, 2004, in press; for a version with full resolution figures, see http://chandra.as.utexas.edu/~kormendy/ar3ss.htm

Dynamics of Barred Galaxies

Some 30% of disc galaxies have a pronounced central bar feature in the disc plane and many more have weaker features of a similar kind. Kinematic data indicate that the bar constitutes a major non-axisymmetric component of the mass distribution and that the bar pattern tumbles rapidly about the axis normal to the disc plane. The observed motions are consistent with material within the bar streaming along highly elongated orbits aligned with the rotating major axis. A barred galaxy may also contain a spheroidal bulge at its centre, spirals in the outer disc and, less commonly, other features such as a ring or lens. Mild asymmetries in both the light and kinematics are quite common. We review the main problems presented by these complicated dynamical systems and summarize the effort so far made towards their solution, emphasizing results which appear secure. (Truncated)Comment: This old review appeared in 1993. Plain tex with macro file. 82 pages 18 figures. A pdf version with figures at full resolution (3.24MB) is available at http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~sellwood/bar_review.pd