Comparison of ketamine-diazepam with ketamine-xylazine anesthetic combinations in sheep spontaneously breathing and undergoing maxillofacial surgery

The objective of this study was to choose a suitable anesthetic combination for use in experimental surgical models by comparing the anesthetic and cardio-respiratory changes. Fourteen healthy male sheep were randomly assigned to two different drug regimens. In Group 1 the sheep were anesthetized with ketamine + xylazine (22 mg/kg im. + 0.2 mg/kg i.m., respectively). Anesthetic combination of ketamine + diazepam (22 mg/kg im. + 0.4 mg/kg i.m., respectively) was used in Group 2. Heart rate, respiratory rate and mean arterial pressures were evaluated before anesthesia, after induction of anesthesia up to 30 minutes in 5 minute intervals and during recovery. In all sheep, duration of anesthesia induction, duration of anesthesia and duration of recovery were recorded. Quality of induction, anesthesia, analgesia and recovery were evaluated. Cardio-respiratory parameters decreased below baseline values after anesthesia induction in both groups. However, no profound effects on cardio-respiratory functions were observed during study. In Group 2, it was observed that; anesthesia induction time was longer, the depth of anesthesia was inadequate during the osteotomy stage of the surgical procedure and recovery time was longer in comparison to Group 1. Otherwise the quality of anesthesia induction, anesthesia, analgesia and recovery was better in Group 1 than Group 2. These findings indicate that both drug combinations can provide short time anesthesia for minor surgical procedures. Ketamine+xylazine combination can be used as a more suitable anesthetic combination in experimental surgical procedures such as maxillofacial surgery than ketamine+diazepam combination, in sheep

Retrospective analysis of surnumerary molars : A clinical and radiological study

Amaç: Literatürde sürnümerer molar dişler ile ilgili çalışmalar az sayıdadır. Bu çalışma 31 hastada gözlenen 41 adet sürnümerer molar dişin klinik ve radyolojik özelliklerini incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada sürnümerer molar dişi olan 31 hastada (9 erkek, 22 kadın) saptanan 41 adet sürnümerer molar diş incelendi. Olguların yaşı, cinsiyeti, dişlerin unilateral yada bilateral oluşu, lokalizasyonları, şekli, sürme durumları ve ilişkili patolojiler incelendi. Bulgular: Lokalizasyonlarına göre değerlendirildiğinde, maksillada 37(%90.2), mandibulada ise 4 (% 0.8) adet sürnümerer molar diş görüldü. 41 adet sürnümerer dişin 27(%65.8)’sinin distomolar (16 (%59.3) simetrik ve bilateral, 11(% 40.7) unilateral), 14(% 34.2)’ ünün paramolar diş (4(% 28.6) simetrik ve bilateral, 10(% 71.4) unilateral) olduğu bulundu. Sonuç: Sürnümerer molar dişler komşu dişlerde sürme bozukluğu, çürük, kök rezorpsiyonu, kist formasyonu gibi patolojilere neden olabilmektedir. Bu yüzden dikkatli bir klinik ve radyolojik inceleme ile erken teşhis edilmeleri, ilişkili komplikasyonların önlenmesi bakımından önemlidir.Purpose: There are a few studies focused on surnumerary molar teeth in the literature. The present study was done with the aim to analyse the clinical and radiological features of 41 surnumerary molar teeth in 31 patients. Material and Methods: In this study 31 patients (9 male, 22 female) who had 41 surnumerary molar teeth were evaluated. The age and sex of the cases, unilateral or bilateral occurrence, localizations, shape, eruption state and associated pathologies were assessed. Results: Of the surnumerary molar teeth, 37 (90.2%) were in maxilla and 4 (0.8%) were in mandible. Among the total 41 surnumerary molars, 27 (65.8%) were found to be distomolar (16 (59%) bilateral, 11 (41%) unilateral), and 14(34.2%) paramolar teeth (4 (28.6%) bilateral, 10 (71.4%) unilateral). Conclusion: Surnumerary molar teeth may cause pathologies such as eruption disturbance, caries, root resorption, cyst formation. Therefore, early diagnosis with careful examination is important to prevent associated complications

Retrospective analysis of surnumerary molars: A clinical and radiological study

Amaç: Literatürde sürnümerer molar dişler ile ilgiliçalışmalar az sayıdadır. Bu çalışma 31 hastadagözlenen 41 adet sürnümerer molar dişin klinik veradyolojik özelliklerini incelemek amacıyla yapıldı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada sürnümerer molardişi olan 31 hastada (9 erkek, 22 kadın) saptanan 41adet sürnümerer molar diş incelendi. Olguların yaşı,cinsiyeti, dişlerin unilateral yada bilateral oluşu,lokalizasyonları, şekli, sürme durumları ve ilişkilipatolojiler incelendi.Bulgular: Lokalizasyonlarına göre değerlendirildiğinde, maksillada 37(%90.2), mandibulada ise 4 (%0.8) adet sürnümerer molar diş görüldü. 41 adetsürnümerer dişin 27(%65.8)’sinin distomolar (16(%59.3) simetrik ve bilateral, 11(% 40.7) unilateral),14(% 34.2)’ ünün paramolar diş (4(% 28.6) simetrikve bilateral, 10(% 71.4) unilateral) olduğu bulundu.Sonuç: Sürnümerer molar dişler komşu dişlerdesürme bozukluğu, çürük, kök rezorpsiyonu, kistformasyonu gibi patolojilere neden olabilmektedir. Buyüzden dikkatli bir klinik ve radyolojik inceleme ileerken teşhis edilmeleri, ilişkili komplikasyonlarınönlenmesi bakımından önemlidir.Purpose: There are a few studies focused onsurnumerary molar teeth in the literature. The presentstudy was done with the aim to analyse the clinicaland radiological features of 41 surnumerary molarteeth in 31 patients.Material and Methods: In this study 31 patients (9male, 22 female) who had 41 surnumerary molarteeth were evaluated. The age and sex of the cases,unilateral or bilateral occurrence, localizations, shape,eruption state and associated pathologies wereassessed.Results: Of the surnumerary molar teeth, 37(90.2%) were in maxilla and 4 (0.8%) were inmandible. Among the total 41 surnumerary molars, 27(65.8%) were found to be distomolar (16 (59%)bilateral, 11 (41%) unilateral), and 14(34.2%)paramolar teeth (4 (28.6%) bilateral, 10 (71.4%)unilateral).Conclusion: Surnumerary molar teeth may causepathologies such as eruption disturbance, caries, rootresorption, cyst formation. Therefore, early diagnosiswith careful examination is important to preventassociated complications

COVID-19 pandemic and the global perspective of Turkish Thoracic Society

It has been more than 3 months now since the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Turkey. Globally, the number of confirmed cases and deaths reached 9,653,048 and 491,128 respectively, as reported by 216 countries by June 27, 2020. Turkey had 1,396 new cases, 194,511 total cases, and 5,065 deaths by the same date. From the first case until today, the Turkish Thoracic Society (TTS) has been very proactive in educating doctors, increasing public awareness, undertaking academic studies, and assisting with public health policies. In the present report, social, academic, and management perspectives of the pandemic are presented under appropriate subtitles. During this critical public health crisis, TTS has once again demonstrated its readiness and constructive stance by supporting public health, healthcare workers, and the environment. This review summarizes the perspective of TTS on each aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic and casts light on its contributions