Study of I405V polymorphism of cholesterol ester transfer protein gene in efficacy of statins on plasma level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol

زمینه و هدف: پروتئین انتقال دهنده کلسترول استر (CETP) در متابولیسم لیپوپروتئین با دانستیه بالا (HDL) و مسیر انتقال معکوس کلسترول نقش اساسی دارد. چند شکلی های ژن CETP مانند I405V (ایزولوسین به والین) که مستقیماً بر HDL کلسترول تاثیر می‌گذارد رونویسی از این ژن را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد. هدف این مطالعه تعیین تاثیر پلی مورفیسم I405V ژن CETP بر سطح HDL کلسترول در پاسخ به درمان با استاتین‌ها می‌باشد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی - تحلیلی از بین بیمارانی که سطح لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته پایین کلسترول (LDL-C) بالاتر از 120 میلی گرم در دسی لیتر تحت درمان، 196 بیمار دریافت کننده لواستاتین و آتوراستاتین انتخاب شدند. در همه بیماران قبل و بعد از درمان پروفایل لیپیدی اندازه‌گیری شد. پلی مورفیسم I405V ژن CETP توسط تکنیک چند شکلی طول قطعه محدود (PCR- RFLP) تعیین گردید. سپس نتایج آزمایشات بیوشیمیایی در پلی مورفیسم‌های مختلف با استفاده از آزمون‌های t زوجی، ANOVA و توکی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: پس از درمان با لواستاتین در ژنوتیپ VV سطح کلسترول کاهش بیشتر و سطح HDL افزایش بیشتری نسبت به دو ژنوتیپ دیگر نشان داد (05/0

Effect of gallic acid on Alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells

Background and purpose: Vascular calcification is an important factor in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Studies have shown that alkaline phosphatase increases vascular calcification. Here we investigated the effect of gallic acid on alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Materials and methods: In this experimental study humans aorta VSMCs were incubated with beta glycerol phosphate as calcification-inducing media. Then these cells were treated with 160, 180 and 200 µMol concentration of gallic acid for 24h, 48h and 72h. The total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and then alkaline phosphatase expression was measured by real time PCR. Alkaline phosphatase specific activity was measured by spectrophotometry. Results: Overall, 160, 180 and 200 µMol concentration of gallic acid decreased alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cell by 1.98, 2.03, and 3.16 folds, respectively after 72h compared with the control group. The alkaline phosphatase specific activity also decreased compared to that of the control group. Conclusion: Our results showed that gallic acid decreased the expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase suggesting that this antioxidant compound may attenuate vascular calcification

Instances of Fair Trial in Juvenile Criminal Law: A Brief Review of Iranian Law

The Sensitivity attached to periods of childhood and adolescence development together with harmful consequences of handling juvenile cases under adult criminal proceedings have called for a special criminal law system to be developed by criminal justice authorities in order to achieve such goals as preventing labeling and recidivism and rehabilitation of delinquent children. In Iranian laws, these juvenile-specific fair trial provisions can be found in the right to special courts, to expedited and in camera trials, to an attorney, to be accompanied by a guardian or parent, and to a wide range of criminal measures. Drawing on a desk research, the present paper discusses major principles of juvenile criminal justice in light of international instruments and clarifies a number of relevant innovations in the Iranian Criminal Procedure (ICP). The findings point to some innovations and development in the ICP in an attempt to align these rules with the international instruments on juvenile criminal justice

Nonlinear forced vibrations of sandwich smart nanobeams with two-phase piezo-magnetic face sheets

The present research is devoted to examine nonlinear forced vibration behavior of sandwich nanobeams with piezo-magnetic face sheets and rested on a hardening elastic substrate based on ordinary differential nonlocal elasticity. A uniform harmonic load is applied to the sandwich nanobeam leading to forced oscillations. The face sheets are constructed from two phases called piezoelectric and magnetic phases. In the face sheets, different percentages of the piezoelectric phase is considered for the first time. It will be shown that vibration behavior of the nanobeam is affected by the amount of piezoelectric phase in the face sheets. Via an analytical procedure, the ordinary nonlinear governing equation is solved to express the amplitude-frequency relationship. It is also shown that the effect of electric and magnetic fields on forced vibrations of sandwich nanobeam rely on the amount of piezoelectric content. Also, forced vibration characteristics of the nanobeam are prominently affected by the nonlocality, hardening foundation and applied harmonic load.Scopu