267 research outputs found
Modeling of thermoelectric module operation in inhomogeneous transient temperature field using finite element method
This paper is the result of research and operation modeling of the new systems for cooling of cutting tools based on thermoelectric module. A copper inlay with thermoelectric module on the back side was added to a standard turning tool for metal processing. For modeling and simulating the operation of thermoelectric module, finite element method was used as a method for successful solving the problems of inhomogeneous transient temperature field on the cutting tip of lathe knives. Developed mathematical model is implemented in the software package PAK-T through which numerical results are obtained. Experimental research was done in different conditions of thermoelectric module operation. Cooling of the hot module side was done by a heat exchanger based on fluid using automatic temperature regulator. After the calculation is done, numerical results are in good agreement with experimental. It can be concluded that developed mathe-matical model can be used successfully for modeling of cooling of cutting tools
Climate change modifies carbon sequestration in copper-polluted forest soils
Soil carbon (C) storage is a key ecosystem function which can provide globally important services such as climate regulation. The effect of climate change on the restoration of soil C storage potential on post-mining land, where the development of both soil and vegetation starts de novo, is still insufficiently understood.
In this work we discuss how the recent changes of climate, effectuating temperature increase and overall habitat xerophytization have, during about 40 years, markedy modified the course of spontaneous succession and concomitantly the soil C sequestration potental in a model floodplain severely altered by long-term deposition of sulphidic waste from a copper (Cu) mine. Excessive Cu strongly reduces turnover of soil organic matter and adversely affects the revegetation process. Natural floods in this complex geomorphic setup on the other hand bring both pollutants and deficient nutrients to the affected floodplain. As the recent climate changes reduce the intensity of natural floods, two very different but highly specialized forest types are developing along the microelevation gradient (transects perpendicular to water channel) with up to 3-fold different topsoil C sequestration.
This work shows how climate change can increase the vunerability of spontaneous restoration process primarily by reducing nutrient fluxes
Non-linear transient heat conduction analysis of insulation wall of tank for transportation of liquid aluminum
This paper deals with transient non-linear heat conduction through the insulation wall of the tank for transportation of liquid aluminum. Tanks designed for this purpose must satisfy certain requirements regarding temperature of loading and unloading, duringtransport. Basic theoretical equations are presented, which describe the problem of heat conduction finite element analysis, starting from the differential equation of energy balance, taking into account the initial and boundary conditions of the problem. General 3-D problem for heat conduction is considered, from which solutions for two- and one-dimensional heat conduction can be obtained, as special cases. Forming of the finite element matrices using Galerkin method is briefly described. The procedure for solving equations of energy balance is discussed, by methods of resolving iterative processes of non-linear transient heat conduction. Solution of this problem illustrates possibilities of PAK-T software package, such as materials properties, given as tabular data, or analytical functions. Software alsooffers the possibility to solve non-linear and transient problems with incremental methods. Obtained results for different thicknesses of the tank wall insulation materials enable its comparison in regards to given conditions
The Effects of Aggressive Environments on the Properties of Fly Ash based Geopolymers
This paper analyzes the effects of two different aggressive environments, concentrated ammonium nitrate solution (480 g/dm(3)) and sodium sulphate solution (50 g/dm(3)), on the structure and mechanical strength of fly ash based geopolymers. Geopolymer samples were subjected to the aggressive solutions over a period of 365 days. It was found that exposure to the NH4NO3 and Na2SO4 solutions caused small decrease in geopolymer strength (10-20 %). The most valuable insight into the structural changes caused by testing of the geopolymer samples in the aggressive solutions was provided by means of Si-29 MAS NMR. It was found that the immersion of geopolymer samples in the NH4NO3 solution caused breaking of Si-O-Al bonds in the aluminosilicate geopolymer gel structure. On the other hand, treatment of the geopolymer samples with the Na2SO4 solution resulted in breaking of Si-O-Si bonds in geopolymer gel structure and leaching of Si. It was concluded that the major changes in the geopolymer structure were associated with the changes in the pH values of aggressive solutions during the testing
Olanzapine-focus on the cardiometabolic side effects
In this article, we review the recent findings concerning weight gain, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular side effects in patients receiving olanzapine. It will consider the OLZ is associated with an increase in metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular events, and knowledge of these risks is crucial for further monitoring of patients with OLZ-treatment. Although it is one of the most commonly prescribed and effective AATPs, olanzapine causes the most weight gain and metabolic impairments in humans. As not-ed with glucose abnormalities and antipsychotics, olanzap-ine has the greatest propensity for causing proatherogenic hyperlipidemia. The mechanism of dyslipidemia with OLZ is poorly understood, but OLZ has been shown to increase lipogenesis, reduce lipolysis, and enhance the antilipolytic effects of insulin in adipocytes. Olanzapine can induce car-diomyopathy in selected patients. Taken together, all mentioned data indicate that interventions aimed at the amelioration of obesity and cardiovascular illness need to be as multipronged and complex as the contrib-uting psychosocial, behavioural, and biological factors that make obesity and cardiovascular illness more likely in patients with severe mental illness, including schizophrenia
Silicon increases iron use efficiency in cucumber β a strategy 1 model plant
Silicon (Si) and iron (Fe) are respectively the second and the fourth most abundant minerals in
the earthβs crust. While the essentiality of Fe has been discovered in the middle of the 19th century, Si is still not fully accepted as an essential element for higher plants. Due to poor Fe availability for higher plants, especially in alkaline and calcareous soils, Fe deficiency represents a major limiting factor for crop production worldwide, affecting both crop yield and quality, with a strong negative impact on human health.
Here we investigated the key physiological, biochemical and molecular parameters involved in
the processes of root acquisition and tissue utilization of Fe by cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), as
both Strategy 1 model and Si-accumulating species.
Silicon nutrition increased the accumulation of apoplastic Fe and Fe-mobilizing compounds in
roots, as well as upregulated the expression of genes (AHA1, FRO2, IRT1) encoding the main components
of the reduction-based Fe uptake machinery (Pavlovic et al., 2013). In leaves, Si affected
relative Fe distribution by enhancing Fe remobilization from old leaves via increased NA accumulation and expression of the YSL1, which stimulated Fe chelation and its retranslocation to younger leaves (Pavlovic et al., 2016). This for the first time demonstrated a new beneficial role of Si, i.e. in increasing nutrient acquisition, transport and utilization by crops.
References:
Pavlovic J., Samardzic J., Kostic L., Laursen K.H., Natic M., Timotijevic G., Schjoerring J.K., Nikolic M. (2016): Ann. Bot. 118, 271-280.
Pavlovic J., Samardzic J., MaksimoviΔ V., Timotijevic G., Stevic N., Laursen K.H., Hansen T.H., Husted S., Schjoerring J.K., Liang Y., Nikolic M. (2013): New Phytol. 198, 1096-1107
A novel framework for fluid/structure interaction in rapid subjectspecific simulations of blood flow in coronary artery bifurcations
Background/Aim. Practical difficulties, particularly long model development time, have limited the types and applicability of computational fluid dynamics simulations in numerical modeling of blood flow in serial manner. In these simulations, the most revealing flow parameters are the endothelial shear stress distribution and oscillatory shear index. The aim of this study was analyze their role in the diagnosis of the occurrence and prognosis of plaque development in coronary artery bifurcations. Methods. We developed a novel modeling technique for rapid cardiovascular hemodynamic simulations taking into account interactions between fluid domain (blood) and solid domain (artery wall). Two numerical models that represent the observed subdomains of an arbitrary patient-specific coronary artery bifurcation were created using multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) coronagraphy and ultrasound measurements of blood velocity. Coronary flow using an in-house finite element solver PAK-FS was solved. Results. Overall behavior of coronary artery bifurcation during one cardiac cycle is described by: velocity, pressure, endothelial shear stress, oscillatory shear index, stress in arterial wall and nodal displacements. The places where (a) endothelial shear stress is less than 1.5, and (b) oscillatory shear index is very small (close or equal to 0) are prone to plaque genesis. Conclusion. Finite element simulation of fluid-structure interaction was used to investigate patient-specific flow dynamics and wall mechanics at coronary artery bifurcations. Simulation model revealed that lateral walls of the main branch and lateral walls distal to the carina are exposed to low endothelial shear stress which is a predilection site for development of atherosclerosis. This conclusion is confirmed by the low values of oscillatory shear index in those places
Establishment and in-house validation of stem-loop rt pcr method for microrna398 expression analysis
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to the class of small non-coding RNAs which have important roles throughout development as well as in plant response to diverse environmental stresses. Some of plant miRNAs are essential for regulation and maintenance of nutritive homeostasis when nutrients are in excess or shortage comparing to optimal concentration for certain plant species. Better understanding of miRNAs functions implies development of efficient technology for profiling their gene expression. We set out to establish validate the methodology for miRNA gene expression analysis in cucumber grown under suboptimal mineral nutrient regimes, including iron deficiency. Reverse transcription by "stem-loop" primers in combination with Real time PCR method is one of potential approaches for quantification of miRNA gene expression. In this paper we presented a method for "stem loop" primer design specific for miR398, as well as reaction optimization and determination of Real time PCR efficiency. Proving the accuracy of this method was imperative as "stem loop" RT which consider separate transcription of target and endogenous control. The method was verified by comparison of the obtained data with results of miR398 expression achieved using a commercial kit based on simultaneous conversion of all RNAs in cDNAs
Silicon and Iron Differently Alleviate Copper Toxicity in Cucumber Leaves
Copper (Cu) toxicity in plants may lead to iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) deficiencies. Here, we investigated the effect of Si and Fe supply on the concentrations of micronutrients and metal-chelating amino acids nicotianamine (NA) and histidine (His) in leaves of cucumber plants exposed to Cu in excess. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was treated with 10 mu M Cu, and additional 100 mu M Fe or/and 1.5 mM Si for five days. High Cu and decreased Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations were found in Cu treatment. Additional Fe supply had a more pronounced effect in decreasing Cu accumulation and improving the molar ratio between micronutrients as compared to the Si supply. However, the simultaneous supply of Fe and Si was the most effective treatment in alleviation of Cu-induced deficiency of Fe, Zn and Mn. Additional Fe supply increased the His but not NA concentration, while Si supply significantly increased both NA and His whereby the NA:Cu and His:Cu molar ratios exceeded the control values indicating that Si recruits Cu-chelation to achieve Cu tolerance. In conclusion, Si-mediated alleviation of Cu toxicity was directed toward Cu tolerance while Fe-alleviative effect was due to a dramatic decrease in Cu accumulation
ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π» Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ
Π‘ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ (Si) ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ Π·Π±ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°. Π‘ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎ. ΠΠ²Π°Ρ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΄Π΅, ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ΅ Π°Π»Π³Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π±ΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠ° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° (Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°) ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ°, ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π°Π½ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΡ Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° (Embryophyta), ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ (Bryophyta) ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ (Pteridophyta) Π°ΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎ 5% ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° (Angiospermae), ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ (Liliopsida), ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Ρ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° (0,5-5% ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅), ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ (Poales) ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ (Cyperales), Π΄ΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π±ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ (Magnoliopsida) Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠΊΡΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ° (ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄ 0,2% ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅), ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ·Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π° Urticales, Ericales, Lamiales, Myrtales, Caryophyllales ΠΈ Cucurbitales, ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° (ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎ 0,5% ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅). ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ (H4SiO4), ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Π·Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅, ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎ: Lsi1 (Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ΅ H4SiO4 Ρ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈ Lsi2 (Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Ρ), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π²Π°Π½ Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ° (Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°) ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π΄ 2,5 mM. Π£ Π½Π°Π΄Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌoΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π»Ρ, ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΠ·Π². ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π±ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅.
ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π° Π±ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° (ΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ, Π£Π Π·ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅), ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ°, Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π°, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΊ (Π΄ΠΈΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½Ρ) Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°. Π£Π»ΠΎΠ³Π° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ° (Ρ
Π΅ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈ) Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅, Π²Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π° (ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ) ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° (ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°), ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ Π ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π¨ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ (1861-1925); Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ° (501) ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ° (508). ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°, ΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ°, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ³ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° (CO2) ΠΈΠ· Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π» ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° Π·Π° ΡΠ³ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΎ 157 ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π° CO2 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠ°Ρ
Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ (ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ β ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°), ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅. Π‘ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½ Π·Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π° ΡΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡ: ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠ°, Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π²Π»Π°ΠΊΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ°, Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΈΡΠ΄. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ 9 Π΄ΠΎ 14 mg, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΡ Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π·Π° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ 15 Π΄ΠΎ 40 mg Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°, ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΡ Π΄Π° Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ 25 mg ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π΅. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°, ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°, ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ. Π‘ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° (Π½ΠΏΡ. ΠΠ»ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠΈ), ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Ρ. Π‘ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ° Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»Π½Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡ Π½Π° Ρ
Π»Π΅Π±Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°. ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠΎΠ³Π° ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π° Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡ Π½ΠΏΡ. ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π° (Urtica dioica), ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊ (Rumex acetosella), ΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡ (Polygonum aviculare), ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π° (Primula veris), ΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π° (Melilotus albus), Π½Π°Π½Π° (Mentha piperita), ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊ (Melissa officinalis), ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ°Π½ (Thymus spp.), Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π° (Lythrum salicaria), ΠΈΡΠ΄. ΠΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ Π·Π° ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π° ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π° ΡΠ° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ° Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ½Π΅ Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π° Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΡ
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