Divergentnost tipova džanarike (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) na području Srbije

Variability of some more prominent pomological characteristics was examined in three regions of Serbia (central, western, southern). In all the regions, significant variability of all studied characteristics was established. However, no specifics were manifested between regions, therefore, identical types emerge in all the regions. This is indicated by similar intervals of variation as well as similar mean values of characteristics per region. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that the entire territory of Serbia should be observed as a unique myrobalan population with highly expressed polymorphism of characteristics. To preserve genetic variability of myrobalan, collection is recommended for those types that were arranged into various groups and subgroups according to the results of cluster analysis.U ovom radu ispitivana je varijabilnost značajnijih pomoloških osobina u 3 regiona Srbije (centralni, zapadni i južni). U sva tri regiona ustanovljena je značajna varijabilnost svih proučavanih osobina. Međutim, među regionima nisu ispoljene specifičnosti, tako da se u sva tri regiona pojavljuju isti tipovi. Na ovo ukazuju slični intervali variranja, kao i slične srednje vrednosti osobina po regionima. Dobijeni rezultati navode na zaključak da čitavu teritoriju Srbije treba posmatrati kao jedinstvenu populaciju džanarike sa veoma izraženim polimorfizmom osobina. Radi očuvanja genetičke varijabilnosti džanarike za kolekcionisanje se preporučuju oni tipovi koji su prema rezultatima klaster analize svrstani u različite grupe i podgrupe

Komponente varijabilnosti i heritabilnost pomoloških i hemijskih osobina klonova višnje sorte Montmorensi

In 12 sour cherry clones of cultivar Montmorency 5 pomological (fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, stone weight and fruit stem length) and 4 chemical characteristics (soluble solid content, total acid content, invert sugar content and total sugar content) were investigated. Based on results of analysis of variance for all examined characteristics, variability components, coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation and coefficient of heritability in a broader sense were calculated. Considering components of total variability, year represented the component that caused variability of majority examined characteristics in the highest percentage. Coefficients of genetic variation showed that in investigated clones total acid content varied the least (CVg = 1.79%), and the most fruit weight (CVg = 11.41%). The lowest phenotypic varying was determined for fruit length (CVf = 4.01%) but the highest for fruit weight (CVf = 13.86%). Coefficient of heritability was the highest for stone weight (h2 = 70.27%), and the lowest for total acid content (h2 = 7.73%).Kod 12 klonova višnje sorte Montmorensi ispitivano je 5 pomoloških (dužina ploda, širina ploda, masa ploda, masa koštice i dužina peteljke ploda) i 4 hemijske osobine (sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija, sadržaj ukupnih kiselina, sadržaj invertnih šećera i sadržaj ukupnih šećera). Na osnovu rezultata analize varijanse za sve ispitivane osobine izračunate su komponente varijabilnosti, koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske varijacije i koeficijent heritabilnosti u širem smislu. Od komponenti ukupne varijabilnosti godina je predstavljala komponentu koja je u najvećem procenutu uslovila varijabilnost većine proučavanih osobina. Koeficijenti genetičke varijacije pokazuju da je kod proučavanih klonova najmanje varirao sadržaj ukupnih kiselina (CVg =1,79%), a najviše masa ploda (CVg =11,41%). Najmanje fenotipsko variranje ustanovljeno je za dužinu ploda (CVf =4,01%), a najveće za masu ploda (CVf =13,86%). Koeficijent heritabilnost bilo je najveći za masu koštice (h2 = 70,27%), a najmanji za sadržaj ukupnih kiselina (h2 = 7,73%)

A Model of Gear Transmission: Fractional Order System Dynamics

A theoretical model of multistep gear transmission dynamics is presented. This model is based on the assumption that the connection between the teeth of the gears is with properties within the range from ideal clasic to viscoelastic so that a new model of connection between the teeth was expressed by means of derivative of fractional order. For this model a two-step gear transmision with three degrees of freedom of motion has been used. The obtained solutions are in the analytic form of the expansion according to time. As boundary cases this model gives results for the case of ideally elastic connection of the gear teeth and for the case of viscoelastic connection of the gear teeth, as well. Eigen fractional modes are obtained and a vizualization is done

Uticaj oprašivača na zametanje plodova sorte šljive Čačanska Najbolja

In this paper, during a 4-year period (2003-2006) effects of six pollenizers (President, Italian Prune, Stanley, Čačanska Rodna, Agen 707, and California Blue) on the degree of fruit set in the plum cultivar Čačanska Najbolja were examined. Besides the controlled pollination of this cultivar, open pollination was investigated. Functional pollen ability in pollenizer-cultivars was established by in vitro pollen germination. Degree of fruit set was determined comparing the number of fruit set (10 days after pollination, 21 days after pollination and number of harvested fruits) against the number of pollinated flowers. The results indicated that all pollenizer cultivars, studied in this paper, possessed satisfactory in vitro pollen germination (30.1-67.4%). The number of fruit set determined 10 days after pollination was very high and did not differ among pollenizers. Highly significant differences were found between the pollenizers in the number of fruit set 21 days after pollination and significant ones in relation to the number of harvested fruits. Compared to open pollination, higher number of fruit set 21 days after pollination and higher number of harvested fruits were obtained when cultivars Stanley (17.0%; 7.6%) and Italian Prune (14.6%; 6.9%) were used as pollenizers, therefore those cultivars are recommendable as good pollenizers for the cultivar Čačanska Najbolja.U radu je tokom četvorogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja (2003-2006) ispitivan uticaj šest oprašivača (Prezident, Italijanka, Stenli, Čačanska rodna, Aženka 707 i Kalifornijska plava) na stepen zametanja plodova sorte šljive Čačanska najbolja. Pored kontrolisanog praćeno je i slobodno oprašivanje ove sorte. Funkcionalna sposobnost polena sorti oprašivača ustanovljena je na osnovu in vitro klijavosti polena. Stepen zametanja plodova utvrđen je poređenjem broja zametnutih plodova (10 dana posle oprašivanja, 21 dan posle oprašivanja i broja ubranih plodova) u odnosu na broj oprašenih cvetova. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da su sve sorte oprašivači, proučavane u ovom radu, imale zadovoljavajuću in vitro klijavost polena (30,1-67,4%). Broj zametnutih plodova 10 dana nakon oprašivanja bio je veoma visok i nije se razlikovao u zavisnosti od primenjenog oprašivača. Između primenjenih oprašivača utvrđene su veoma značajne razlike u broju zametnutih plodova 21 dan nakon oprašivanja, a značajne u odnosu na broj ubranih plodova. U poređenju sa slobodnim oprašivanjem, veći broj zametnutih plodova 21 dan nakon oprašivanja i veći broj ubranih plodova dobijen je kada su kao oprašivači korišćene sorte Stenli (17,0%; 7,6%) i Italijanka (14,6%; 6,9%) pa se ove sorte mogu preporučiti kao dobri oprašivači za sortu Čačanska najbolja

Preferenca Trihodinida (Ciliata, Peritrichia) detektovanih na ribnjačkom šaranu prema pojedinim organima i neke morfološke implikacije

The present study describes the preference of Trichodinids for skin or gills of fish-pond carp. Differences in localization of trichodinids were analysed by the Mann-Whitney U and c2 tests. For histological examination gills were fixed in 4% formaldehyde and processed using standard techniques. Trichodinella epizootica and T. subtilis parasitised exclusively gills. The occurrence of Trichodina acuta was far more frequent on the skin and that preference appeared to be statistically significant. Trichodina nobilis was found on both skin and gills with a significant preference for skin Trichodina nigra was found on both target organs. Trichodinella epizootica damaged the gill epithelia and induced enforced mucous secretion.U ovom radu su izneti rezultati ispitivanja preference nekih trihodinida prema koži ili škrgama ribnjačkog šarana. Razlika u lokalizaciji analizirana je uz pomoć Mann-Whitney U i c2 testa. Za histološka ispitivanja škrge su fiksirane u 4% formaldehidu i dalje preparovane standardnim tehnikama. Trichodinella epizootica i T. subtilis parazitiraju isključivo na škrgama. Prisustvo vrste Trichodina acuta je statistički značajno češće na koži nego na škrgama. Trichodina nobilis je statistički značajno više zastupljena na koži nego na škrgama, dok je vrsta Trichodina nigra prisutna u sličnom procentu na oba organa. Utvrđeno je da vrsta Trichodinella epizootica oštećuje škržni epitel i uzrokuje pojačanu sekreciju mukusa

Immunoreactive neuropeptides in the cells of human thymus

The study was designed to explore the expression of different neuropeptides, viz. vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), bombesin and motilin in the cells of fetal and adult human thymus. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that cortical and medullary thymocytes were labeled by all antibodies, except those specific for motilin. Immunoreactive VIP and SP were observed in the solitary epithelial cells located in the subcapsular/subtrabecular cortex, at the corticomedullary junction and in the medulla. The cells within the subcapsular/subtrabecular monolayer, rare solitary cells in the deep cortex and epithelial cell network in the medulla, were labeled with antibodies to CGRP and bombesin. Hassall's corpuscles were labeled with all antibodies except that specific for SP. The obtained data obtained testify to the expression of different neuropeptides in human thymic lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells and suggest a role for neuroendocrine hormone-mediated mechanisms in the regulation of thymic homeostasis in humans

Odnos funkcionalne sposobnosti polena i stepena zametanja plodova u vinove loze (Vitis sp.)

In this paper, pollen functional ability of the cultivars Chardonnay Smederevka and SV 12-375, used as the male parent, for pollination of the cultivar Bagrina, as the female parent, was investigated. Free pollination of the cultivar Bagrina was observed as well as controlled pollination. Satisfactory pollen germination in vitro was established for the cultivars SV 12-375 (76.65%) and Smederevka (66.08%), while the cultivar Chardonnay had low pollen germination (20.88%). An association between pollen functional ability of the pollinizers and fruit set degree was determined for the cultivar Bagrina. Cultivars SV 12-375 and Smederevka were suitable pollinizers for the cultivar Bagrina.U ovom radu proučavana je funkcionalna sposobnost polena sorti Šardone Smederevka i SV 12-375 koje su korišćene u svojstvu oca za oprašivanje sorte Bagrina koja je korišćena u svojstvu majke. Pored kontrolisanog oprašivanja praćeno je i slobodno oprašivanje sorte Bagrina. Funkcionalna sposobnost polena utvrđena je metodom bojenja acetokarminom i metodom in vitro naklijavanja. Stepen oplodnje ustanovljen je na osnovu broja zametnutih plodova i broja ubranih plodova. Sve ispitivane sorte pokazale su visok procenat obojenih polenovih zrna (preko 75,00%). Zadovoljavajuća klijavost polena in vitro utvrđena je kod sorti SV 12-375 (76,65%) i Smederevka (66,08%), dok je kod sorte Šardone utvrđena niska klijavost polena (20,88%). Najveći broj zametnutih plodova i broj ubranih plodova ustanovljen je kao rezultat slobodnog oprašivanja (51,43%; 36,94%). Od proučavanih kombinacija kontrolisanog oprašivanja najmanji broj zametnutih plodova i broj ubranih plodova imala je kombinacija Bagrina x Šardone (29,32%; 15,93%). Najveći broj zametnutih plodova dobijen je u kombinaciji Bagrina x SV 12-375 (39,10%), a najveći broj ubranih plodova dobijen je u kombinaciji Bagrina x Smederevka (23,90%). Ustanovljena je zavisnost između funkcionalne sposobnosti polena sorti oprašivača i stepena zametanja plodova sorte Bagrina. Dobri oprašivači za sortu Bagrina bile su sorte SV 12-375 i Smederevka

Genetička divergentnost klonova Oblačinske višnje (Prunus ceratus L.)

Based on examination of 10 important pomologic and technologic properties, genetic divergence of 10 selected Oblačinska sour cherry clones was established. The genetic divergence between the analyzed clones was determined using the hierarchical cluster analysis. The UPGA method was used and the Euclidean distance in order to determine the difference between the groups. Four similar clone groups were obtained on the dendrogram. The objective of clone differentiation was primarily yield, although other properties were taken into account as well. As the most yielded clones for the production, that can be recommended, were clone D8 or clone D4 that are genetically very similar, and clone D3.Oblačinska višnja predstavlja sortu populaciju koja obuhvata veliki broj formi različitih po bujnosti, rodnosti, vremenu sazrevanja, krupnoći, boji i kvalitetu plodova. Pošto Oblačinska višnja nije jedan klon već smeša velikog broja klonova (genotipova) nameće se potreba izdvajanja genetički divergentnih formi za eksploataciju i dalji oplemenjivački rad. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati analize 10 selekcionisanih klonova Oblačinske višnje. Ogled je izveden na OD "Radmilovac" Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu. Tokom trogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja analizirane su sledeće osobine: vreme sazrevanja, prinos, masa ploda, masa koštice, randman, dužina peteljke ploda, sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija, sadržaj ukupnih šećera, sadržaj invertnih šećera i sadržaj ukupnih kiselina. Genetička divergentnost između proučavanih klonova ustanovljena je primenom hijerarhijske klaster analize. Korišćenje UPGA metod, pri čemu je razlika između grupa izražena preko Euklideanovog rastojanja. Na dobijenom dendrogramu izdvojeno je četiri grupe srodnih klonova. Razdvajanje klonova u grupe bilo je prvenstveno u funkciji njihovog prinosa, mada su uticaj na razdvajanje imale i ostale proučavane osobine. Kao najprinosniji za proizvodnu praksu mogu se preporučiti klon D8 ili klon D4 koji su genetički veoma bliski i klon D3

Genetic divergence of Oblačinska sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) clones

Based on examination of 10 important pomologic and technologic properties, genetic divergence of 10 selected Oblačinska sour cherry clones was established. The genetic divergence between the analyzed clones was determined using the hierarchical cluster analysis. The UPGA method was used and the Euclidean distance in order to determine the difference between the groups. Four similar clone groups were obtained on the dendrogram. The objective of clone differentiation was primarily yield, although other properties were taken into account as well. As the most yielded clones for the production, that can be recommended, were clone D8 or clone D4 that are genetically very similar, and clone D3