Profil šećera i organskih kiselina u plodovima sorti crne i crvene ribizle

In this study, three black currant cultivars (Ben Sarek, Ben Lomond and Malling Juel) and three red currant cultivars (Industrija, Rondom and Red Versailles) were compared in terms of fruit quality by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis in order to determine sugars and organic acids profiles in their fruits. Among the analyzed individual sugars, fructose was determined to be the major component in all studied cultivars. Cv Ben Lomond exhibited the highest levels of glucose (78,8 mg g-1 FW), fructose (117,6 mg g-1 FW) and sucrose (10,1 mg g-1 FW) in comparison to the other tested black currant cultivars. Among investigated red currant cultivars the highest amounts of glucose (81,1 mg g-1 FW), fructose (113,1 mg g-1 FW) and sucrose (14,5 mg g-1 FW) were recorded in the fruits of cv Industrija, as well as the richest content of total sugars (208,7 mg g-1 FW). The same tendency was noticed considering the organic acids content (citric and malic), that is, the highest levels were registered with the cv Industrija (0,32 mg g-1 FW and 0,13 mg g-1 FW, respectively). Black currant cv Ben Sarek displayed the highest contents of citric and malic acids (0,68 mg g-1 FW and 0,14 mg g-1 F, respectively). Generally, dominant share of total acids was exhibited by citric acid in all studied black and red currant cultivars. These results point to the fact that the chemical fruit composition of currants significantly varied among the genotypes of each species analyzed.Rad prikazuje rezultate ispitivanja sadržaja šećera i organskih kiselina u plodovima tri sorte crne (Ben Sarek, Ben Lomond i Moling Džul) i tri sorte crvene ribizle (Industrija, Rondom i Versajska crvena), kao determinišućih faktora ukusa ploda. Primenom tehnike tečne hromatografije visokog stepena razdvajanja izvršena je identifikacija i kvantifikacija individualnih šećera (glukoze, fruktoze i saharoze) i organskih kiselina (limunske i jabučne) u plodovima ispitivanih sorti. Ustanovljeno je dominantno prisustvo fruktoze u strukturi ukupnih šećera, sa najvišim registrovanim vrednostima kod sorte crne ribizle Ben Lomond (117,6 mg g-1 sv.m.pl.) i sorte crvene ribizle Industrija (113,1 mg g-1 sv.m.pl.). U pogledu sadržaja organskih kiselina, ista tendencija se zapaža među ispitivanim sortama crvene ribizle, odnosno sorta Industrija se odlikuje najvišim vrednostima sadržaja limunske (0,32 mg g-1 sv.m.pl.) i jabučne kiseline (0,13 mg g-1 sv.m.pl.). Nasuprot niskom sadržaju šećera, sorta crne ribizle Ben Sarek je ispoljila najviše vrednosti sadržaja limunske (0,68 mg g-1 sv.m.pl.) i jabučne kiseline (0,14 mg g-1 sv.m.pl.). Generalno, kod svih ispitivanih sorti crne i crvene ribizle se zapaža dominantna zastupljenost limunske kiseline u strukturi ukupnih kiselina detektovanih u plodu. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na činjenicu da hemijski sastav ploda ribizle varira značajno između ispitivanih sorti kod obe analizirane vrste, što može predstavljati značajnu osnovu u daljem oplemenjivačkom radu

Pomološke osobine perspektivnih sejanaca maline sa žutom bojom ploda

From over a 100 seedlings obtained by open pollination of Meeker's yellow raspberry clone, 10 seedlings with yellow fruit were selected at the Experimental Station 'Radmilovac' of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade. Phenological characteristics, as well as physical, chemical and sensorial fruit properties were investigated during the period 2007-2008 in selected seedlings and standard cultivar Meeker. Results showed that all examined seedlings expressed later flowering and maturing time than the standard cultivar. The best results of physical fruit properties had the standard cultivar, whereas for the majority of the chemical fruit characteristics selected seedlings showed much better results. Seedling 5 had the highest soluble solid content (15.3 %), while the highest vitamin C content was recorded in the fruits of seedlings 9 (51.04 mg/100g), 10 (51.92 mg/100g), and 17 (50.16 mg/100g). The highest values of the sensorial fruit quality achieved seedling 17 (18.9).Od preko 100 sejanaca dobijenih slobodnim oprašivanjem žutog klona sorte Miker izdvojeno je 10 sa žutom bojom ploda koji su kolekcionisani na Oglednom dobru 'Radmilovac' Poljoprivrednog Fakulteta, Univerziteta u Beogradu. U periodu 2007- 2008. godina kod izdvojenih sejanaca i standardne sorte Miker, pored fenoloških, ispitivane su fiziČke, hemijske i senzoricke osobine ploda. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da su svi ispitivani sejanci kasnije počinjali fenofaze cvetanja i zrenja u odnosu na sortu standard. Najbolje razultate fizičkih osobina ploda ispoljila je sorta standard, dok su prema većini hemijskih osobina izdvojeni sejanci bili daleko bolji od standardne sorte. Sejanac 5 se odlikuje najvišim sadržajem rastvorljive suve materije (15,3 %), a u pogledu sadržaja vitamina C najviše vrednosti su registrovane kod sejanaca 9 (51,04 mg/100g), 10 (51,92 mg/100g) i 17 (50,16 mg/100g). Najvišu senzoricku ocenu kvaliteta ploda imao je sejanac 17 (18,9)

Genetički parametri komponenti prinosa i pomoloških osobina kod sejanaca maline

Over a three-year period yield components and pomologic properties were studied in 20 raspberry seedlings obtained by open pollination of Meeker's yellow clone. The primary goals of this research were to determine its variability components, coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation and coefficient of heritability in a broader sense. The analysis of the components of total variance evidenced that higher proportion of genotypic variance was found with fruit shape index (30.84%) and sucrose content (35.61%). The results revealed that genotypic coefficient of variation were less than its corresponding estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation for all traits which indicated significant role of environment in the expression of these characters. The values of heritability coefficients, in a broader sense, were high except for number of flowers per inflorescens (9.47%), titratable acidity (6.38%) and inverted sugar content (28.88%). Nine characters had h2 in interval from 50 to 80% but for fruit weight and fruit length was greater than 80% which implies the high potential of genetic improvement in those traits.Komponente prinosa i pomološke osobine kod 20 sejanaca dobijenih slobodnom oplodnjom žutog klona sorte Miker ispitivano je tokom perioda od tri godine. Primarni cilj ovih ispitivanja bilo je da se utvrde komponente varijabilnosti, koeficijenti genetičke I fenotipske varijacije i heritabilnost u širem smislu. Analizom komponenti ukupne varijabilnosti ustanovljeno je da su geneticke razlike medu sejancima u velikom procentu uslovile varjabilnost indeksa oblika ploda (30.84%) i sadržaja saharoze (35.61%). Kod svih osobina takođe je utvrđeno da su koeficijenti genetičke varijacije bili manji u odnosu na fenotipske koeficijente varijacije što ukazuje na značajan uticaj spoljašnjih faktora u ekspresiji ovih osobina. Vrednosti koeficijenta heritabilnosti u širem smislu su bili visoki osima za broj cvetova po cvasti (9.47%), ukupnim kiselinama (6.38%) i sadržaju invertnih šećeria (28.88%). Devet osobina imalo je h2 u intervalu od 50 do 80%, dok jeza masu i dužinu ploda bio veći od 80% što pokazuje visok potencijal za poboljšanje ovih osobina

Rodnost i kvalitet ploda sorte jagode 'Elsanta' u vertikalnom sistemu uzgoja

Results of studying the cropping and fruit quality in strawberry cultivar Elsanta grown in a vertical system are presented in this work. Researches were conducted in high tunnel at the private property in Surčin, during the vegetation of 2007. Planting was done in pots filled with 5,5 l substrate mixtures. Four plants were planted per a pot and nine pots were arranged in a vertical system. Investigations included: the flowering and ripening time, cropping potential, as well as more important physical, chemical and organoleptic fruit properties. Based on most studied parameters, hydroponics system for commercial growing of strawberry cultivar Elsanta in high tunnel can be recommended. However, vertical hydroponics growing system has shown more defects because of that we should intend its’ modification and promotion.U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja rodnosti i kvaliteta ploda sorte jagode Elsanta gajene u vertikalnom sistemu uzgoja. Ispitivanja vršena tokom vegetacije 2007. godine obuhvatila su vreme cvetanja i zrenja, rodnost, kao i važnije pokazatelje kvaliteta ploda ispitivane sorte jagode. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata većine ispitivanih parametara, za komercijalnu vansezonsku proizvodnju sorte jagode Elsanta u visokom tunelu može se preporučiti primena hidroponskog sistema uzgoja, sa napomenom da vertikalni sistem uzgoja pokazuje brojne nedostatke zbog čega treba težiti njegovoj modifikaciji

Proportional ratios and geometrical setups for achieving the floating effect of architectonic structures

Kontinuitet ideje "lebdećih" arhitektonskih objekata, postojao je kroz čitavo razdoblje razvoja civilizacije. U ovom radu istražuje se ideja "lebdećih" prostornih struktura kroz povijesne primjere u različitim arhitektonskim stilovima. Razlozi takvog formalnog oblikovanja su od utilitarnih, do apstraktnih i estetskih. Kroz analizu kontinuiteta ideje i oblikovne pojavnosti spomenutih objekata dolazi se i do načina postizanja efekta i klasifikacije koja iz njih proizlazi. U ovom radu je postizanje efekta lebdenja arhitektonskih objekata analizirano s aspekta proporcijskih odnosa i geometrijskih postavki u procesu projektiranja.In the entire period of development of human civilization, there has been a continuity of the concept of "hovering" architectonic structures. This paper deals with discovering the idea of "hover" structures in numerous historical examples and in various architectural styles. The reasons of such formal shaping are utilitarian, but also conceptual and esthetic. Through an analysis of the continuity of the idea and formal appearance of the mentioned structures, the methods of achieving the effect can be defined and classification resulting from them made. In this paper, the achievement of the floating effect of architectonic structures has been analyzed from the aspect of ratios and geometrical setups in design process

Konceptualni okvir za lokalno osetljivo planiranje javnih službi na primeru opštine Kuršumlija

Locally sensitive urban and spatial planning, especially in the domain of the public sector, has been gaining importance lately, and there is almost no document related to the sustainable development which does not emphasize its importance. The reasons for that are numerous - from the need to better adapt the general concepts to the local needs and potentials, to the higher chances for implementation and inclusion of a wider circle of stakeholders. At the same time, the role of public services as an integrating part of urban functions and domains is increasing, as they have a significant role in achieving social integration in the context of urban and territorial development. In the local strategic plans in Serbia - spatial plans of municipalities - sustainable social development and planning of spatial development of public services represents a significant aspect of planning instruments related to the quality of life, prevention of depopulation, support to the development of the local economy and other. However, the concepts, developmental measures and solutions defined by the spatial and urban plans and strategic documents are often now sufficiently adapted to the appropriate spatial level. In order to contribute to the methodology of planning of social development and public services, this paper presents the approach to the sustainable planning of the spatial development of public services in the framework of the Spatial plan of the local municipality of Kuršumlija, as well as the review of potentials and limitations of implementation of development concept of public services.Lokalno osetljivo urbano i prostorno planiranje, posebno u domenu javnog sektora poslednjih godina dobija na značaju i gotovo da nema dokumenta vezanog za održivi razvoj koji ne naglašava njegov značaj. Razlozi su brojni - od potrebe da se generalni koncepti bolje prilagode lokalnim potrebama i mogućnostima, do veće šanse za implementaciju i za uključivanje šireg kruga aktera. Istovremeno raste i uloga javnih službi kao integrišućeg dela urbanih funkcija i domena koji ima značajnu ulogu u dostizanju socijalne integracije u kontekstu urbanog i teritorijalnog razvoja. U lokalnim strateškim planovima u Srbiji - prostornim planovima opština održivi socijalni razvoj i planiranje prostornog razvoja javnih službi predstavlja značajan aspekt planskih mera vezanih za kvalitet života, sprečavanje depopulacije, podršku razvoju lokalne ekonomije i drugo. Međutim, koncepti, razvojne mere i rešenja definisani prostornim i urbanističkim planovima i strateškim dokumentima često nisu dovoljno prilagođeni odgovarajućem prostornom nivou. Sa ciljem doprinosa u domenu metodologije planiranja socijalnog razvoja i javnih službi, u radu je prikazan pristup održivom planiranju prostornog razvoja javnih službi u okviru Prostornog plana jedinice lokalne samouprave Kuršumlija, kao i pregled mogućnosti i ograničenja implementacije koncepta razvoja javnih službi

Pomološke osobine novointrodukovanih sorti jagode gajenih u visokom tunelu

In this work are presented results of studing for newly introduced strawberry cultivars (Thuchampion, Thurubin , Thuriga, Miss and Clery) grown as substrate culture in high tunnel during the period of 2005-2006. Investigations included: the ripening time, fruitfulness, as well as important physical, chemical and organoleptic fruit properties. Based on studied parameters for commercial growing as substrate culture in two year production system, strawberry cultivars Thuchampion, Clery and Thurubin can be recommended.Rad prikazuje rezultate proučavanja pet novointrodukovanih sorti jagode gajenih u visokom tunelu u vrećama sa supstratom na postoljima visine 1,1 m. Ispitivanja vršena u periodu 2005-2006 godina obuhvatila su vreme zrenja, rodnost, kao i važnije pokazatelje kvaliteta ploda novointrodukovanih sorti jagode. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata većine ispitivanih parametara, za komercijalno gajenje jagode kao kontejnerske kulture u visokom tunelu mogu se preporučiti sledeće sorte: Thuchampion, Clery i Thurubin, sa napomenom da se sorta Thurubin preporučuje isključivo zbog visoke produktivnosti i vrlo krupnog ploda dok je sam kvalitet mesa ploda poražavajući

Uticaj zakidanja vrhova izdanaka na proizvodna svojstva remontantnih sorti maline (Rubus idaeus L.)

The research was designed to evaluate the effect of removing the growing tip of primocanes ('pinching'), when those reach about 80 cm tall, on ripening time, productivity and fruit quality traits in ten raspberry cultivars ('Autumn Bliss', 'Lyulin', 'Polana', 'Polka', 'Himbo Top', 'Ruby', 'Rossana', 'Porrana Rosa', 'Golden Bliss' and 'Heritage'). This measure is considered as important to stimulate higher productivity, whereas harvest time is often delayed. Studies were conducted at the Experimental station 'Radmilovac', a collective raspberry orchard of the Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade University, in 2009. The orchard was established in 2006 in the form of a hedgerow system without trellis. Canes from previous vegetation period were simply mowed down in early spring and the crop was only born on the primocanes during the summer and fall. The obtained results showed that tipping of primocanes has been found to increase yield in six studied cultivars. The highest fruit yield was recorded in both unpinched and pinched primocanes of cv. Heritage (174,6 g and 296,8 g/cane, respectively), whereas fruit weight only showed lower values by applying this measure in cvs. Heritage, Golden Bliss and Lyulin. Keeping the canes pinched also affected later beginning of ripening time, ranging from 9 days ('Polka') to 80 days ('Ruby') in comparison to the control treatment.U radu je ispitivan uticaj zakidanja vrhova (pinciranja) jednogodišnjih izdanaka na vreme zrenja, produktivnost i kvalitet ploda deset remontantnih sorti maline (Autumn Bliss, Lyulin, Polana, Polka, Himbo Top, Ruby, Rossana, Porrana Rosa, Golden Bliss i Heritage). Pinciranje je izvedeno kada su izdanci dostigli visinu oko 80 cm, odnosno neposredno pred početak njihovog razgranjavanja. Ova mera se smatra važnom za povećanje produktivnosti, dok se njenom primenom vreme berbe cesto odlaže. Ispitivanja su izvedena tokom 2009. godine u kolekcionom zasadu maline na OD 'Radmilovac', Poljoprivrednog fakulteta, Univerziteta u Beogradu. Zasad je zasnovan 2006. godine po sistemu žive ograde, bez naslona. Izdanci iz prethodne godine su uklonjeni do osnove rano u proleće, tako da je plodonošenje bilo isključivo na novim jednogodišnjim izdancima tokom leta i jeseni. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je zakidanje vrhova izdanaka povećalo prinos kod šest ispitivanih sorti. Najveći prinos je registrovan na kontrolnim i pinciranim izdancima sorte Heritage (174,6 g i 296,8 g/izdanku, po redosledu), dok je primena ove mere uticala na smanjenje mase ploda jedino kod sorti Heritage, Golden Bliss i Lyulin. Zakidanje vrhova izdanaka je takođe uticalo i na kasniji početak zrenja, koji se kretao u rasponu od 9 dana (Polka) do 80 dana (Ruby) u odnosu na kontrolni tretman

Kvalitet ploda jednorodnih sorti crvene maline gajenih u beogradskom regionu

Pomological properties of eight floricane red raspberry cultivars (Shopska alena, Bugarski rubin, Tulameen, Meeker, Glen ample, Podgorina and Gradina) compared with the standard cultivar Willamette were investigated. The study was conducted at the Experimental Station 'Radmilovac', a collective raspberry plantation of the Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade University, in the period of 2006-2007. The ripening time and more important parameters of physical (fruit weight, fruit dimensions, index of fruit shape and number of drupelets per fruit), chemical (total content of soluble solids and sugars, and total acid content) and sensorial fruit properties of the cultivars were studied. The most of investigated raspberry cultivars expressed a later ripening time in comparison with the standard cultivar under agroecological conditions of the Belgrade region. The fruit weight ranged from 3.38 (Tulameen) to 5.26 g (Podgorina), and considering standard cultivar Willamette (3.76 g), three examined cultivars Podgorina, Glen ample and Gradina expressed statistically very significantly higher values for this property. The cultivar Tulameen had the lowest fruit weight, but the best favourable chemical fruit composition, based on the highest soluble solids (11.2%) and sugars content, was also recorded. Based on the majority of studied parameters, raspberry cultivars Meeker, Tulameen and Glen ample can be recommended for commercial growing in the Belgrade region.U radu su ispitivani vreme zrenja i važniji parametri kvaliteta ploda jednorodnih sorti crvene maline (Šopska alena, Bugarski rubin, Tjulamin, Miker, Glenempl, Podgorina, Gradina) u poređenju sa sortom standard - Vilamet. Ispitivanja su vršena u kolekcionom zasadu jednorodnih sorti crvene maline na OD 'Radmilovac' Poljoprivrednog fakulteta iz Beograda, tokom perioda 2006-2007. Najraniji početak fenofaze zrenja registrovan je kod sorti Vilamet (standard) i Bugarski rubin (11. juni), dok su ostale ispitivane sorte ispoljile poznije vreme zrenja u poređenju sa standardom. Prosečna masa ploda kretala se u rasponu od 3,38 g kod sorte Tjulamin do 5,26 g kod sorte Podgorina i kod tri ispitivane sorte (Podgorina, Glen empl i Gradina) registrovane su statistički veoma značajno više vrednosti u odnosu na sortu standard (3,76 g). Najveći sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije (11,2%), a shodno tome i ukupnih šećera (8,46%), invertnih šećera (7,46%) i saharoze (0,96%), registrovan je kod sorte Tjulamin, dok je najniže vrednosti za pomenute parametre ispoljila sorta Gradina. Najbolju senzoričku ocenu kvaliteta ploda ostvarila je sorta Miker (19,2 poena), a zatim slede sorte Tjulamin i Glen empl (18,5 poena), koje se na osnovu rezultata većine analiziranih parametara mogu preporučiti za šire gajenje u uslovima beogradskog Podunavlja

Pomološka i antioksidativna svojstva sorti jagode gajenih u regionu Mačve

In this work pomological properties of strawberry cultivars were studied considering ripening time, physical and chemical fruit traits as quality attribute parameters, as well as total antioxidant capacity and total phenolics as nutritional parameters. The above mentioned parameters were used for screening five strawberry cultivars (Clery, Elsanta, Arosa, Marmolada and Madeleine) grown in Mačva region (Šabac). Investigations were carried out during 2008. on the private strawberry field of 'Libertas' company. The earliest ripening time was recorded in cv Clery (07.05.), and the latest in cv Arosa (22.05.). Cv Arosa expressed the highest values of fruit weight (41,2 g) and fruit dimensions, as well as the highest soluble solids content (8,7 %). Cv Marmolada had the highest amounts of total sugars (6,92 %), inverted sugars (6,13 %) and vitamin C (80,9 mg 100g-1 FW). Besides vitamin C, as a strong antioxidant in strawberries, total phenolic content were also detected in the studied cultivars, achieving the highest values in cvs Elsanta (16,8 mg g-1 FW) and Marmolada (16,5 mg g-1 FW). Consequently, these cultivars expressed the highest fruit antioxidant capacity which is of importance not only for maintaining the nutritional value and sensorial fruit quality, but also because of considerable health benefits. Generally, on the base of most studied parameters for commercial growing in Mačva region, we can recommend cvs. Arosa, Marmolada and Elsanta, as well as cv Clery with regard to earliness.Rad prikazuje rezultate proučavanja pomoloških osobina (vreme zrenja, fizičke i hemijske osobine ploda) i antioksidativnog kapaciteta ploda pet introdukovanih sorti jagode (Marmolada, Arosa, Elsanta, Madlen i Clery) gajenih u regionu Mačve (Šabac). Ispitivanja su izvedena tokom 2008. godine u zasadu jagode koji se nalazi u vlasništvu firme 'Libertas'. Najraniji početak fenofaze zrenja registrovan je kod sorte Clery (07.05.), a najkasniji kod sorte Arosa (22.05.). Sorta Arosa je ispoljila najbolje fizičke osobine ploda, primarno masu ploda (41,2g) i dimenzije, kao i sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija (8,7%). Najviše vrednosti sadržaja ukupnih (6,92%) i invertnih šećera (6,13%) registrovane su kod sorte Marmolada, kao i najviši sadržaj vitamina C (80,9 mg 100g-1 sv.m.p.). Pored vitamina C, kao moćnog antioksidanta u plodu jagode, kod ispitivanih sorti je detektovan i sadržaj ukupnih fenola. Najvišim vrednostima odlikuju se sorte Elsanta (16, 8 mg g-1 sv.m.p.) i Marmolada (16,5 mg g-1sv.m.p.), koje su ispoljile i najveći antioksidativni kapacitet ploda, značajan ne samo za očuvanje hranljive vrednosti i senzoričkog kvaliteta ploda, već i sa aspekta zdravstvene korisnosti za ljudski organizam