Genetic diversity of the Hungarian Gidran horse in two mitochondrial DNA markers

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A hucul kancacsaládok azonosítása mtDNS markerrel

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Composition, density and dominance of weeds in maize at different nutrient supply levels

As the world’s third most important crop, maize has to be researched in many ways. The composition of weed flora, number of species, density and dominance of weed species were studied in a longterm fertilization experiment, which was set up in 2003 in Nagyhörcsök, Hungary. The experimental area has loamy chernozem soil with lime deposits. The examinations were proceeded in two treatments: control and NPK. Weeds were collected in 1 square meter sampling areas in every plot by species. Conclusions were deduced by mathematical statistics in the context of nutrient supply. Experimental results proved a strong correlation between density of weeds and nutrient supply. As a result of the NPK treatment, the total weed density was 65% more compared to the untreated control plots. Eight weeks after sowing of maize, the average weed density was 133 plant·m-2. The dominance index of weed species was different in the control and NPK treatment. In the order of dominance Ambrosia artemisiifolia (61%) was on the first place in the control plots and Chenopodium album (52%) in the NPK treated plots. ) In the control treatment without fertilizers A. artemisiifolia was the most frequented weed species and had a highest density. It had strong competitiveness under these conditions

Stratégiai és környezeti zajtérképezés szerepe a műszaki felsőoktatásban

Munkánk során a stratégiai és környezeti zajtérképezés műszaki felsőoktatásban betöltött szerepét kívánjuk vizsgálni. Áttekintjük a zajtérképezéssel kapcsolatos ide tartozó általános tudnivalókat, többek között a jogszabályi követelményeit és magyarországi gyakorlatát. Emellett intézményünk a Debreceni Egyetem példáján keresztül bemutatjuk témakör szerepét az oktatási és tudományos tevékenységekben, továbbá kitérünk a területhez kapcsolódó egy projekt keretében folytatott tevékenység eredményeire is

Genetic diversity of the Hungarian draft horse assessed by mitochondrial DNA

Hungarian draft is a horse breed with a recent mixed ancestry. It was developed in the 1920s by crossing local mares with draught horses imported from France and Belgium. To genetically characterize the breed and to set up the basis for a conservation programme, we have employed a molecular marker: a 256-bp D-loop mitochondrial DNA fragment. We analyzed 124 horses representing Hungarian draft horses to assess the maternal phylogeography of the breed. Sequence analysis of a 256-bp segment revealed a total of 34 haplotypes with thirty-four polymorphic sites. High haplotype and nucleotide diversity values (Hd=0.953±0.001; π=0.024±0.001) were detected. The average number of pairwise differences were k=5.998. This breed counts 800 mares today, and only survive due to breeding programmes, this way each haplotype frequency depends on the extent to which mares are involved into the breeding. The reduced number of surviving maternal lineages emphasizes the importance of establishing a conservation plan for this endangered breed. Due to the revealed 34 polymorphic sites we could presuppose twelve maternal linages, which could be a first step for making a breeding programme

Identification of potential mycotoxin producing fungi on agricultural products in Hungary and Serbia

One of the most important effects of climate change is the occurrence of thermotolerant mycotoxin producing fungi in countries with temperate climate, causing mycotoxin contamination of agricultural products. Indeed, a shift has recently been observed in the occurrence of aflatoxin producing fungi in Europe, with consequent aflatoxin contamination in agricultural commodities including maize and milk in several European countries including Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Romania and Ukraine. These observations led us to examine the occurrence of mycotoxin producing Aspergilli in agricultural products in Hungary and Serbia. The samples were collected from cereal fields in Hungary and North-Serbia (Vojvodina) after harvest in 2012. Surface-sterilized cereal seeds were placed on selective media and the isolated fungal strains were identified using morphological methods. The species identification of selected isolates was carried out using sequence-based methods. Several potentially aflatoxigenic A. flavus isolates were identified on maize. Further examinations of mycotoxin producing abilities of the isolates, and their occurrence in milk and milk-derived products are in progress