High-pressure enzyme kinetics Lactate dehydrogenase in an optical cell that allows a reaction to be started under high pressure

AbstractA newly designed optical cell allows an enzyme reaction to be started under high pressure and makes it possible to begin measurement of the reaction rate after a ‘dead time’ no longer than 1–2 s. This device was used to study the kinetics of lactate dehydrogenase reaction at 1 kbar. At this pressure lactate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle exhibited a rapid deactivation in the presence of NADH if pyruvate was absent. After addition of pyruvate the reaction was initiated and proceeded at a constant rate, i.e., without loss of enzyme activity. It is suggested that pyruvate markedly increases the association constant of this tetrameric enzyme

Менеджмент рисков применительно к организациям здравоохранения

It is believed that more than 70% of errors in a medical organization can be prevented, in particular, by using risk management methods and implementing risk management tools in the practice of their activities. To this end, the authors conducted a study based on data from the analysis of scientific papers and regulatory documents regulating quality management and risk management in healthcare. The study summarizes the main approaches to implementing risk management methods in healthcare and suggests an algorithm for analyzing the types and consequences of potential failures in healthcare (HFMEA). As the analyzed process, the process of performing doctors appointments by medical nurses for drug therapy was chosen, which refers to the main medical events, and drug error is a serious problem in drug therapy. The results of the study revealed possible risks associated with each step. The study is appropriate due to the fact that many healthcare institutions are currently implementing a quality management system to improve their processes.Считается, что более 70% ошибок в медицинской организации можно предотвратить, используя, в частности, методы менеджмента риска и внедряя инструменты риск-менеджмента в практику их деятельности. С этой целью авторы провели исследование, основанное на анализе данных научных работ и нормативных документов, регламентирующих вопросы управления качеством и риск-менеджмента в здравоохранении. В ходе проведенного исследования обобщены основные подходы к реализации методов менеджмента риска в здравоохранении и предложен алгоритм проведения анализа видов и последствий потенциальных отказов в здравоохранении (HFMEA). Проанализирован процесс выполнения назначений врача медицинскими сестрами по лекарственной терапии, который относится к основным медицинским событиям. Результаты проведенного исследования позволили выявить возможные риски, связанные с каждым шагом анализируемого процесса, и определить тяжесть последствий выявленных рисков. В соответствии с предложенным алгоритмом и на основе использования дерева решений НFMEA предложены меры по воздействию на риски в целях их снижения. Проведенное исследование целесообразно в связи с тем, что в настоящее время многие учреждения здравоохранения внедряют систему менеджмента качества с целью улучшения своих процессов

Observation Of A High-energy Cosmic-ray Family Caused By A Centauro-type Nuclear Interaction In The Joint Emulsion Chamber Experiment At The Pamirs

An exotic cosmic-ray family event is observed in the large emulsion chamber exposed by the joint at the Pamirs (4360 m above sea level). The family is composed of 120γ-ray-induced showers and 37 hadron-induced showers with individual visible energy exceeding 1 TeV. The decisive feature of the event is the hadron dominance: ΣEγ, ΣE(γ) h, 〈Eγ, 〈E(γ) h〉, 〈Eγ·Rγ〉 and 〈E(γ)·Rh〉 being 298 TeV, 476 TeV, 2.5 TeV, 12.9 TeV, 28.6 GeV m and 173 GeV m, respectively. Most probably the event is due to a Centauro interaction, which occured in the atmosphere at ∼700 m above the chamber. The event will constitute the second beautiful candidate for a Centauro observed at the Pamirs. © 1987.1901-2226233Bayburina, (1981) Nucl. Phys. B, 191, p. 1Lattes, Fujimoto, Hasegawa, Hadronic interactions of high energy cosmic-ray observed by emulsion chambers (1980) Physics Reports, 65, p. 151(1984) Trudy FIAN, 154, p. 1Borisov, (1984) Proc. Intern. Symp. on Cosmic rays and particle physics, p. 3. , TokyoRen, (1985) 19th Intern. Cosmic ray Conf., 6, p. 317. , La JollaYamashita, (1985) 19th Intern. Cosmic ray Conf., 6, p. 364. , La JollaTamada, (1977) Nuovo Cimento, 41 B, p. 245T. Shibata et al., to be publishedHillas, (1979) 16th Intern. Cosmic ray Conf., 6, p. 13. , KyotoBattiston, Measurement of the proton-antiproton elastic and total cross section at a centre-of-mass energy of 540 GeV (1982) Physics Letters B, 117, p. 126UA5 Collab., G.J. Alner et al., preprint CERN-EP/85-62Taylor, (1976) Phys. Rev. D, 14, p. 1217Burnett, (1984) Proc. Intern. Symp. on Cosmic rays and particle physics, p. 468. , Toky

Observation Of Very High Energy Cosmic-ray Families In Emulsion Chambers At High Mountain Altitudes (i)

Characteristics of cosmic-ray hadronic interactions in the 1015 - 1017 eV range are studied by observing a total of 429 cosmic-ray families of visible energy greater than 100 TeV found in emulsion chamber experiments at high mountain altitudes, Chacaltaya (5200 m above sea level) and the Pamirs (4300 m above sea level). Extensive comparisons were made with simulated families based on models so far proposed, concentrating on the relation between the observed family flux and the behaviour of high-energy showers in the families, hadronic and electromagnetic components. It is concluded that there must be global change in characteristics of hadronic interactions at around 1016 eV deviating from thise known in the accelerator energy range, specially in the forwardmost angular region of the collision. A detailed study of a new shower phenomenon of small-pT particle emissions, pT being of the order of 10 MeV/c, is carried out and its relation to the origin of huge "halo" phenomena associated with extremely high energy families is discussed as one of the possibilities. General characteristics of such super-families are surveyed. © 1992.3702365431Borisov, (1981) Nucl. Phys., 191 BBaybrina, (1984) Trudy FIAN 154, p. 1. , [in Russian], Nauka, MoscowLattes, Hadronic interactions of high energy cosmic-ray observed by emulsion chambers (1980) Physics Reports, 65, p. 151Hasegawa, ICR-Report-151-87-5 (1987) presented at FNAL CDF Seminar, , Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoCHACALTAYA Emulsion Chamber Experiment (1971) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 47, p. 1Yamashita, Ohsawa, Chinellato, (1984) Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics, p. 30. , Tokyo, 1984, Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of Tokyo(1984) Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics, p. 1. , Tokyo, 1984Baradzei, (1984) Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics, p. 136. , Tokyo, 1984Yamashita, (1985) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 54, p. 529Bolisov, (1984) Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Cosmic rays and Particle Physics, p. 248. , Tokyo, 1984, Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoTamada, Tomaszewski, (1988) Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, p. 324. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of Tokyo, PolandHasegawa, (1989) ICR-Report-197-89-14, , Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoCHACALTAYA Emulsion Chamber Experiment (1971) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 47, p. 1Okamoto, Shibata, (1987) Nucl. Instrum. Methods, 257 A, p. 155Zhdanov, (1980) FIAN preprint no. 45, , Lebedev Physical Institute, MoscowSemba, Gross Features of Nuclear Interactions around 1015eV through Observation of Gamma Ray Families (1983) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 76, p. 111Nikolsky, (1975) Izv. Akad. Nauk. USSR Ser. Fis., 39, p. 1160Burner, Energy spectra of cosmic rays above 1 TeV per nucleon (1990) The Astrophysical Journal, 349, p. 25Takahashi, (1990) 6th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-ray Interactions, , Tarbes, FranceRen, (1988) Phys. Rev., 38 D, p. 1404Alner, The UA5 high energy simulation program (1987) Nuclear Physics B, 291 B, p. 445Bozzo, Measurement of the proton-antiproton total and elastic cross sections at the CERN SPS collider (1984) Physics Letters B, 147 B, p. 392Wrotniak, (1985) Proc. 19th Cosmic-Ray Conf. La Jolla, 1985, 6, p. 56. , NASA Conference Publication, Washington, D.CWrotniak, (1985) Proc. 19th Cosmic-Ray Conf. La Jolla, 1985, 6, p. 328. , NASA Conference Publication, Washington, D.CMukhamedshin, (1984) Trudy FIAN, 154, p. 142. , Nauka, Moscow, [in Russian]Dunaevsky, Pluta, Slavatinsky, (1988) Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, p. 143. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Lodz, PolandKaidalov, Ter-Martirosyan, (1987) Proc. 20th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Moscow, 1987, 5, p. 141. , Nauka, MoscowShabelsky, (1985) preprints LNPI-1113Shabelsky, (1986) preprints LNPI-1224, , Leningrad [in Russian]Hillas, (1979) Proc. 16th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Kyoto, 6, p. 13. , Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoBorisov, (1987) Phys. Lett., 190 B, p. 226Hasegawa, Tamada, (1990) 6th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, , Tarbes, FranceSemba, Gross Features of Nuclear Interactions around 1015eV through Observation of Gamma Ray Families (1983) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, p. 111Ren, (1988) Phys. Rev., 38 D, p. 1404Dynaevsky, Zimin, (1988) Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interaction, p. 93. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Lodz, PolandDynaevsky, (1990) Proc. 6th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, , Tarbes, France(1989) FIAN preprint no. 208, , Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow(1990) Proc. 21st Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 8, p. 259. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, AustraliaHasegawa, (1990) ICR-Report-216-90-9, , Inst. for Cosmic-Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoTamada, (1990) Proc. 21st Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 1990, 8. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, AustraliaTamada, (1990) ICR-Report-216-90-9(1981) Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Paris, 5, p. 291(1990) Proc. Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 1990, 8, p. 267. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, Australia(1989) Inst. Nucl. Phys. 89-67/144, , preprint, Inst. Nucl. Phys., Moscow State UnivSmilnova, (1988) Proc. 5th Int. Sym. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, p. 42. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Lodz, PolandGoulianos, (1986) Proc. Workshop of Particle Simulation at High Energies, , University of Wisconsin, Madison, USAIvanenko, (1983) Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Bangalore, 1983, 5, p. 274. , Tata Inst. Fundamental Research, Bombay, IndiaIvanenko, (1984) Proc. Int. Symp. on Cosmic-Rays and Particle Physics, p. 101. , Tokyo, 1984, Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of Tokyo(1988) 5th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, p. 180. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Lodz, Poland(1990) Proc. 21st Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 1990, 8, p. 251. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, Australia(1991) Izv. AN USSR No. 4, , to be publishedNikolsky, Shaulov, Cherdyntseva, (1990) FIAN preprint no. 140, , Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, [in Russian](1987) Proc. 20th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Moscow, 1987, 5, p. 326. , Nauka, Mosco

Word-formation features of the Kazan Gospel of the 14th century: Nominal derivation

The nominal word formation in the text of the Kazan Gospel of the 14th century relating to the lectionaries of the Mstislav type has been analyzed. The study aims to clarify the available data on this issue, to add to the description of the lexical and semantic features of the manuscript, and to identify it’s the specificity of word-formation patterns. The research is focused on the forms of nominal word formation as the main text-forming units. The analysis has been performed using a combination of synchronic description of the intra-lexical content and comparison with other texts of a similar genre and stylistic affiliation and chronology. As a result of the study, the representativeness of word-formative types of the noun has been established. The conclusions have been made about the genre and stylistic features of the text on the basis of the word-formative pattern representing it, in general, as well as the specifics in the sphere of word formation of this particular manuscript. The major findings can be summarized as follows: firstly, the derivational field of the manuscript determines the genre and stylistic nature of the Old Slavic gospel text; secondly, it underwent the common for that period Russification, resulting in the quantitative representation of the derivational types and their phonomorphemical implementation; thirdly, the word-formative paradigm contributes to the restriction of word-formative meanings and fixing them for a certain word-formative type, which is important for the semantic relations in the language as a whole. The functioning of the forms of nominal word-formation in the text proves the primacy of its content over the formal side

The first attempts of industrial manufacture of ZnO single crystals

The first attempt to grow ZnO single crystals by the hydrothermal method in an industrial autoclave during 100-day growth cycle resulted in obtaining 200 crystals with mass of each crystal 100–250 g. Examination of the grown crystals showed a high perfection of the monohedron growth pyramid that is the main growing face of ZnO crystals

Standardization of bee venom as a raw material for the production of medicines for immunotherapy, including allergen and allergoid from bee venom [Стандартизация пчелиного яда как сырья для производства лекарственных средств для иммунотерапии, в том числе аллергена и аллергоида из пчелиного яда]

Introduction. Pharmaceutical industry widely uses beekeeping products to obtain medicines. Among beekeeping products for medical use, bee venom represents number three on its importance. Pharmaceuticals based on bee venom are used externally, or as injections, or for oral administration. In the production of medicines containing bee venom, it is important to take into account the dose and possible individual response of the human body. The chemical composition of raw bee venom is very complex. Currently, there is no modern normative documentation for standardization of bee venom as a raw material for pharmaceutical preparations. Hence, quality control and standardization of the substance of bee venom intended for the production of medicines represent the urgent need. Aim of research is to study the physicochemical characteristics of raw bee venom of various batches in order to evaluate and standardize its quality. Material and methods. We have studied 5 batches of raw bee venom from the same manufacturer. The analysis was carried out on the basis of GOST 30426-97 Methods of purification and standardization of purified bee venom were developed in this study. Those included gel chromatography and PAAG electrophoresis. Results. According to the results of studies of raw bee venom, 4 batches of 5 did not correspond the requirements of the GOST 30426-97 in terms of mass fraction of water-insoluble impurities (6.01 %); mass fraction of water (9.17 %); hemolysis time (300 s), mass fraction of melittin and apamin (35 %; 0.6 %), respectively. Methods for the purification and standardization of preparations from raw bee venom were suggested. Conclusion. In our study, we have proven the low level of the standardization of raw poison. The lack of approved normative documents leads to the fact that different pharmaceutical companies use different methods for evaluating the quality of raw materials and methods for their purification, which, in turn, affects the quality of final pharmaceutical products. Therefore the part of General Pharmacopoeia «Raw Bee Poison» (related to standardization of raw materials from which pharmaceuticals are being obtained) should be developed. © 2021 Meditsina Publishers. All rights reserved