Role of Feeling of Loneliness and Emotion Regulation Difficulty on Drug Abuse

Background: The Risk behaviors such as drug abuse are prevalent anxiously in youth. Thus investigation and recognition risk behaviors are important.  The aim of the study was to investigate on relationship between loneliness and the difficulties in emotion regulation with drug abuse.Methods: This research was descriptive correlation. The sample was comprised of students of University of Sistan and Baluchestan, southeastern of Iran. Participants were selected by cluster sampling. The instruments were the loneliness scale, the difficult in emotion regulation scale and the drug abuse. For statistical analysis, Pearson correlation and regression analysis methods were used.Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between loneliness and the difficulties in emotion regulation with drug abuse. The Enter regression analysis for prediction of the drug abuse showed that the loneliness predicted 0.09 and the difficulties in emotion regulation predicted 0.08 of the drug abuse variances.Conclusion: Regard to the results, it is recommended to university and cultural instructional planners to pay attention to variables of loneliness and emotional self-regulation as drug abuse risk factors and introduce especial and preventer programs in this subject

The Effect of Positive Thinking Training on Reduction of Depression, Stress and Anxiety of Juvenile Delinquents

Background: The positive psychology always seeks to recognize and describe the pleasure and subjective well-being. The main issue of this field is to improve the well-being and recognize the positive aspects in order to reinforce them to prevent and develop the mental health. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of positive thinking training workshop on reduction of depression, stress and anxiety of juveniles at Correction and Rehabilitation Centers.Methods: The quasi-experimental method was used in this study and the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) was used. Forty one subjects participated in this research and were divided into two homogeneous groups based on their pretest scores and were randomly included in the experimental and control groups. The positive thinking training workshop was performed for 10 sessions within three weeks on experimental group and after that the posttest and after one month the follow up test were performed.Results: The results have shown that the positive thinking training courses have effects on reduction of depression and anxiety. But it had not effects on stress in the follow up study.Conclusion: Thus, this training can be used for reduction of depression and anxiety of juvenile at Correction and Rehabilitation Center

Knowledge and Attitudes towards AIDS in Mashhad (Northeast of Iran) Female Sex Workers

Background: In view of the fact that knowledge and attitudes are important in control of individuals' behaviors and because female sex workers with their multiple sexual relationships are in highly risk to HIV and also an important factor in transmission of AIDS in the community. This study evaluates the female sex workers' knowledge and attitudes toward AIDS.Methods: This research was cross-sectional descriptive study. The statistical population was female sex workers that were being supported by Welfare Organization in Mashhad (central of Razavi Khorasan province in northeast of Iran) in 2011. Sampling method was census. So the whole of 61 female sex workers were completed questionnaires of knowledge and attitude toward AIDS.Results: The results showed that the knowledge of the transmission Incubation period and Prevention of AIDS, 64% of subjects were at the low level. The knowledge about methods of transmission of AIDS in the 57% of female sex workers also was low. The subjects' attitude toward prevention of AIDS, their willingness to cooperate in the implementation of preventive programs and their feeling of risk for 18% were negative and attitude of 61% of them were neutral.Conclusion: Knowledge about transmission, incubation period and prevention of AIDS were in low level. Also their attitude to AIDS's prevention, cooperation in prevention programs and their risk feeling mostly was neutral or negative that can be an alarm

Investigation of biofilm formation among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from children

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate biofilm formation among Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from children referring to a pediatric hospital in Tehran. Methods: In total, 98 MRSA isolates were collected from children referring to a pediatric hospital during 2014 - 2015. All the isolates were confirmed to be MRSA using PCR amplification of the mecA gene. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion and E-test methods. In order to assess the ability of biofilm formation among the isolates, Congo red agar (CRA) and Microtiter Plate (Mtp) methods were used. Results: All the isolates were found to be susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin and, likewise, the majority was susceptible to minocycline and rifampicin. CRA and Mtp methods showed that 81.6 and 63.3 of the MRSA isolates, respectively, were biofilm producers. Conclusions: The early identification of S. aureus and detection of biofilm formation by the Mtp method are essential steps towards the prevention of the most serious nosocomial infections. © 2017, Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Investigation of biofilm formation among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from children

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate biofilm formation among Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from children referring to a pediatric hospital in Tehran. Methods: In total, 98 MRSA isolates were collected from children referring to a pediatric hospital during 2014 - 2015. All the isolates were confirmed to be MRSA using PCR amplification of the mecA gene. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion and E-test methods. In order to assess the ability of biofilm formation among the isolates, Congo red agar (CRA) and Microtiter Plate (Mtp) methods were used. Results: All the isolates were found to be susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin and, likewise, the majority was susceptible to minocycline and rifampicin. CRA and Mtp methods showed that 81.6 and 63.3 of the MRSA isolates, respectively, were biofilm producers. Conclusions: The early identification of S. aureus and detection of biofilm formation by the Mtp method are essential steps towards the prevention of the most serious nosocomial infections. © 2017, Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

The Effect of Positive Thinking Training on Quality of Life, Depression, Stress and Anxiety in Delinquent Juveniles

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive thinking training on quality of life and reduction of depression, stress and anxiety in delinquent boys of Zahedan Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Center (ZJCRC). Method of this research was a quasi-experimental with a design of pretest- posttest- follow up test and with a control group. The sample comprised of 29 boys (17 subjects in experimental group and 12 in control). Method of sampling was the census. That is, all of statistical population were be studied as sample group. Positive thinking training was conducted on the experimental group during 8 sessions with 90 minutes. After the last session the post-test, was conducted and one month after it, the follow-up test. For data gathering, the Quality of Life of Parkerson, Broadhear & Tse et al. and the Depression, Anxiety Stress of Lovibond & Lovibond were used. The results of co-variance analysis showed that the positive thinking training effected on reducing of depression, stress and anxiety and increasing quality of life. Therefore, in regard to effectiveness of positive thinking training on reducing of depression, stress and anxiety and increasing quality of life, it is recommended for Juvenile delinquent trainers to use of the positive thinking training for increasing quality of life and reducing of depression, stress and anxiety in these juveniles

The Role of Religious Coping in Predicting Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Background & aim: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the nervous system which usually begins in young adults and pathologically characterized by demyelination and glial scarring. According to psychological problems after suffering, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of religious coping on quality of life in patients with MS. Methods: In the present descriptive study, forty-three patients with multiple sclerosis referred to the CNS Center of Ali bin Abi Talib Hospital of Zahedan, Iran, in 2013 were selected. Using religious coping and quality of life, variables were assessed. The data were analyzed by using the correlation and step-wise regression methods. Results: A positive correlation were seen between religious coping with the passive role due to emotional problems (of QOL) and between religious activities and democratic assessments a significant (p<0.05). The regression results also showed that religious activities in the first step alone 0.07 changed the psychological quality of life and in the second step religious activity along with passive religious coping predicted 0.2 of changes of psychological quality of life. Conclusion: Increasing religious and spiritual activities may contribute to improving the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis

The Relationship of Spirituality with the Pain and Quality of Life in Patients with HIV/AIDS

Background & aim: With regard to the psychological problems of HIV infection, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of spirituality with a sense of pain and quality of life in patients with HIV/ AIDS. Methods: This descriptive-correlation study was conducted on 43 patients with AIDS in Sistan & Baluchestan province which were selected via available sampling method. Spirituality was measured using the Spirituality Questionnaire, feeling of suffering using the Scale of Experience, and Perception of Suffering and quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and Stepwise regression. Results: There was a significant positive relationship between spirituality and quality of life and significant negative relationship between spirituality and feeling of suffering (p<0.05). There was a significant negative relationship between spirituality and psychological suffering (p<0.05). Component of self-awareness is the best predictor of physical and psychological health and also social relationships of the quality of life. In addition, component of self-awareness is the best predictor of physical and psychological suffering, and components of self-awareness and spiritual needs, respectively, are best predictors of spiritual and existential suffering. Conclusion: Reinforcing the spiritual and religious attitude in patients with HIV/AIDS through spiritual and religion instruction may increase the social-mental health and reduce the feeling of suffering and improve quality of life of the patients

Relationship of Humor Sense with Quality of Life in Cancer Patients

Introduction: In the medical world, sense of humor as a means for coping with problems and as a treatment source, has attracted serious attention. Physical disease such as cancer can have negative effects on the quality of life that is desirable functions in physiological and psychological dimensions. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of dimensions of humor sense on dimensions of quality of life in cancer patients. Methods: This research was a descriptive and correlation study. The sample was consisted of 50 cancer patients that were selected by available sampling method in Zahedan. The tools were the Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36) and the Sense of Humor Questionnaire (SHQ).The data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression. Results: The results showed that sense of humor in stressful conditions has significant correlations with physiological quality of life (r= 0.278, p≤0.025) and psychological quality of life (r= 0.283, P≤0.023), The results of regression analyze also showed that sense of humor in social relations accompany with verbal humor predicted 24% of physiological healthy variance and 40% of psychological healthy. Conclusion: In refer to role of Sense of humor in quality of life in cancer patients, it is suggested that necessary interventions be applied by using humor for promoting quality of life in cancer patients