Networking - A Statistical Physics Perspective

Efficient networking has a substantial economic and societal impact in a broad range of areas including transportation systems, wired and wireless communications and a range of Internet applications. As transportation and communication networks become increasingly more complex, the ever increasing demand for congestion control, higher traffic capacity, quality of service, robustness and reduced energy consumption require new tools and methods to meet these conflicting requirements. The new methodology should serve for gaining better understanding of the properties of networking systems at the macroscopic level, as well as for the development of new principled optimization and management algorithms at the microscopic level. Methods of statistical physics seem best placed to provide new approaches as they have been developed specifically to deal with non-linear large scale systems. This paper aims at presenting an overview of tools and methods that have been developed within the statistical physics community and that can be readily applied to address the emerging problems in networking. These include diffusion processes, methods from disordered systems and polymer physics, probabilistic inference, which have direct relevance to network routing, file and frequency distribution, the exploration of network structures and vulnerability, and various other practical networking applications.Comment: (Review article) 71 pages, 14 figure

Key biological mechanisms involved in high-LET radiation therapies with a focus on DNA damage and repair

DNA damage and repair studies are at the core of the radiation biology field and represent also the fundamental principles informing radiation therapy (RT). DNA damage levels are a function of radiation dose, whereas the type of damage and biological effects such as DNA damage complexity, depend on radiation quality that is linear energy transfer (LET). Both levels and types of DNA damage determine cell fate, which can include necrosis, apoptosis, senescence or autophagy. Herein, we present an overview of current RT modalities in the light of DNA damage and repair with emphasis on medium to high-LET radiation. Proton radiation is discussed along with its new adaptation of FLASH RT. RT based on α-particles includes brachytherapy and nuclear-RT, that is proton-boron capture therapy (PBCT) and boron-neutron capture therapy (BNCT). We also discuss carbon ion therapy along with combinatorial immune-based therapies and high-LET RT. For each RT modality, we summarise relevant DNA damage studies. Finally, we provide an update of the role of DNA repair in high-LET RT and we explore the biological responses triggered by differential LET and dose. © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

Cross-check of Analysis Modules and Reasoner Interactions

This deliverable presents an extended set of Analysis Modules, including both the improvements done to those presented in deliverable D4.1 as well as the new analysis algorithms designed and developed to address use-cases. The deliverable also describes a complete workflow description for the different use-cases, including both stream processing for real-time monitoring applications as well as batch processing for “off-line” analysis. This workflow description specifies the iterative interaction loop between WP2, WP3, T4.1, and T4.2, thereby allowing for a cross-checking of the analysis modules and the reasoner interactions.mPlane – an Intelligent Measurement Plane for Future Network and Application Managemen

FleXConf: A Flexible Conference Assistant Using Context-Aware Notification Services

Integrating context-aware notification services to ubiquitous computing systems aims at the provision of the right information to the right users, at the right time, in the right place, and on the right device, and constitutes a significant step towards the realization of the Ambient Intelligence vision. In this paper, we present FlexConf, a semantics-based system that supports location-based, personalized notification services for the assistance of conference attendees. Its special features include an ontology-based representation model, rule-based context-aware reasoning, and a novel positioning system for indoor environments

Investigation on the correlation between energy deposition and clustered DNA damage induced by low-energy electrons

This study presents the correlation between energy deposition and clustered DNA damage, based on a Monte Carlo simulationof the spectrum of direct DNA damage induced by low-energy electrons including the dissociative electron attachment.Clustered DNA damage is classified as simple and complex in terms of the combination of single-strand breaks (SSBs) ordouble-strand breaks (DSBs) and adjacent base damage (BD). The results show that the energy depositions associated withabout 90% of total clustered DNA damage are below 150 eV. The simple clustered DNA damage, which is constituted of thecombination of SSBs and adjacent BD, is dominant, accounting for 90% of all clustered DNA damage, and the spectra of theenergy depositions correlating with them are similar for different primary energies. One type of simple clustered DNA damageis the combination of a SSB and 1–5 BD, which is denoted as SSB+BD. The average contribution of SSB+BD to totalsimple clustered DNA damage reaches up to about 84% for the considered primary energies. In all forms of SSB+BD, theSSB+BD including only one base damage is dominant (above 80%). In addition, for the considered primary energies, there isno obvious difference between the average energy depositions for a fixed complexity of SSB+BD determined by the numberof base damage, but average energy depositions increase with the complexity of SSB+BD. In the complex clustered DNAdamage constituted by the combination of DSBs and BD around them, a relatively simple type is a DSB combining adjacentBD, marked as DSB+BD, and it is of substantial contribution (on average up to about 82%). The spectrum of DSB+BD isgiven mainly by the DSB in combination with different numbers of base damage, from 1 to 5. For the considered primaryenergies, the DSB combined with only one base damage contributes about 83% of total DSB+BD, and the average energydeposition is about 106 eV. However, the energy deposition increases with the complexity of clustered DNA damage, andtherefore, the clustered DNA damage with high complexity still needs to be considered in the study of radiation biologicaleffects, in spite of their small contributions to all clustered DNA damage