Comparing the Effectiveness of Face-to-Face and Non-Face-to-Face Training on Oral and Dental Health Behaviors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective: Diabetes is closely related to oral and dental health. Several oral diseases and disorders are associated with diabetes. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of face-to-face and non-face-to-face training of oral and dental health behaviors based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: This study was conducted among patients with type 2 diabetes referring to comprehensive health centers in Andimeshk in 2021. One hundred twenty patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups: a face-to-face (60 patients) training group and a non-face-to-face (60 patients) training group. For the face-to-face training group, training programs were conducted through lectures with questions and answers, group discussions, and videos in three 60-minute sessions; and for the other group through the presentation of patient education pamphlets. The results were collected in two stages before and two months after the intervention using a questionnaire. Then the data were analyzedusing a chi-squared test, t-test, and paired t-tests in SPSS Statistics 22.0. Results: A total of 120 patients participated in this study. The patients’ mean age was 51.5 ± 8.57 and 51.9 ± 10.1 years in the control and the intervention group, respectively. In both groups, 60% of the participants were female and 95% were married. The duration of diabetes in 57.5% of them was 5–10 years. After the implementation of the intervention, a significant increase was observed in the mean scores of all HBM constructs in the face-to-face training group (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant change in the mean scores of the HBM constructs in the non-face-to-face training group after the intervention (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that the design and implementation of an in-person training program had a positive effect on improving oral and dental health behaviors in patients with diabetes based on the HBM

The impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on quality of life in diabetic patients

Background. Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases and it includes disabling complications and chronic and invisible progression. On the one hand, this disease imposes high financial expenses on the patient and, on the other hand, reduces the quality of life. Presently, the COVID-19 epidemic has been an international concern, and evidence implies that people who have the underlying disease are at higher risk for the virus and will experience serious problems if they develop the disease. Methods. This research is a qualitative study with a kind of phenomenological investigation that has been conducted to investigate the patient's experiences and personal feelings with diabetes in terms of the effects of corona disease on their quality of life. In this study, the semi-structured interview method was utilized to collect information. The number of sample included 15 patients referred to health centers, and each interview was recorded with the patient's consent and was written on paper and analyzed. Results. The data of this study were classified into 6 main themes and 19 sub-themes after analysis. The main themes of the information obtained from this study included knowledge and awareness, psychological effects, entertainment, and recreational programs, patient's family, medical care, and communication with patients placing the greatest emphasis on medical care. Stress caused by corona disease and depression were the most important psychological effects expressed by diabetic patients. They also expressed some serious medical care problems, including the reduction of referrals to health centers for follow-up and care and the shortage of physicians and health personnel to provide services. Conclusion. This study suggests that diabetic patients experience many different problems due to corona disease. These problems influence the diabetic patients' quality of life, so we need to understand better and solve the diabetic patients' problems, make more effort, and perform more suitable planning to improve their health and quality of life

The impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on quality of life in diabetic patients

Background. Diabetes is one of the most prevalentmetabolic diseases and it includes disabling complicationsand chronic and invisible progression. On the onehand, this disease imposes high financial expenses onthe patient and, on the other hand, reduces the qualityof life. Presently, the COVID-19 epidemic has beenan international concern, and evidence implies thatpeople who have the underlying disease are at higherrisk for the virus and will experience serious problemsif they develop the disease. Methods. This research is a qualitative study witha kind of phenomenological investigation that hasbeen conducted to investigate the patient’s experiencesand personal feelings with diabetes in terms ofthe effects of corona disease on their quality of life. Inthis study, the semi-structured interview method wasutilized to collect information. The number of sampleincluded 15 patients referred to health centers, andeach interview was recorded with the patient’s consentand was written on paper and analyzed. Results. The data of this study were classified into 6main themes and 19 sub-themes after analysis. Themain themes of the information obtained from thisstudy included knowledge and awareness, psychologicaleffects, entertainment, and recreational programs,patient’s family, medical care, and communication withpatients placing the greatest emphasis on medical care.Stress caused by corona disease and depression werethe most important psychological effects expressedby diabetic patients. They also expressed some seriousmedical care problems, including the reductionof referrals to health centers for follow-up and careand the shortage of physicians and health personnelto provide services. Conclusion. This study suggests that diabetic patientsexperience many different problems due to corona disease.These problems influence the diabetic patients’quality of life, so we need to understand better andsolve the diabetic patients’ problems, make more effort,and perform more suitable planning to improvetheir health and quality of life

Pre-diabetic women’s understanding of the role of diet in preventing diabetes using the PEN-3 cultural model

Background. Pre-diabetes is one of the most widespreadepidemics in the world. Pre-diabetics are themost susceptible to diabetes. The prevalence of prediabetesstatus is higher than that of diabetes. Lifestylemodification at this stage may delay the onset of type2 diabetes for ten years. The present study aims at determiningthe Dezful pre-diabetic women’s experiencesof diabetic preventive eating behaviors. Methods. The present study employed a directed qualitativecontent analysis (DQlCA) conducted in Dezful in2020. The experiences of 41 pre-diabetic women aged30–65 years and 9 health care providers (physicians,nutritionists, public health experts) were explainedusing the in-depth interviewing technique on the factorsaffecting diabetes preventive behaviors, includingnutritional behaviors and physical activities, based onthe constructions of the PEN-3 model. The participantswere selected from Dezful health centers. Analysis ofthe qualitative data was done via a directed qualitativecontent analysis (DQlCA). Data validity was estimatedby assessing acceptability, reliability, adaptability, andtransferability. Results. the most appropriate and accessible way topromote diabetes prevention behaviors in pre-diabeticsis to hold training classes with a health promotionapproach implemented by health care providers. Conclusion. Pre-diabetic women have a variety of beliefsand habits influenced by awareness, food culture,and temporal and spatial constraints. By identifying thepositive and negative beliefs affecting diet, researcherswho want to promote the nutritional behavior ofpre-diabetic women should correct and eliminate negativeand inhibitory beliefs by targeting these beliefs,emphasizing positive and motivating beliefs. They alsoshould use the mentioned points in their educationalinterventions

Effectiveness of nutrition education and counseling on metabolic control parameters of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in primary health care centers

Background. Diet compliance is an essential part of the treatment and control of diabetes. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of education and face to face diet counseling on metabolic control parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes in primary health care centers. Methods. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 90 T2DM patients who referred to Andimeshk community health centers in 2018. Patients were randomly divided into two intervention (n = 45) and control (n = 45) groups. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, paired t-test and Chi-square using SPSS-18 software. Results. Sixteen weeks after the implementation of the nutrition education and counseling program, there was a significant decrease in the clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters of the intervention group (P < 0.001). However, none of the parameters were significantly decreased in the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion. The research findings show that the implementation of group education program, along with individual nutrition counseling, is very effective and can lead to weight loss, improved blood pressure and better control of blood glucose and lipids in T2DM patients. Therefore, the combination of education and counseling as two complementary methods in the treatment and control of diseases such as diabetes seems essential and effective

Harlequin ichthyosis newborn: A case report

Harlequin ichthyosis is a rare and severe genetic skin disorder that occurs within the developing foetus. Harlequin ichthyosis is the most severe and devastating form of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses. It is caused by mutations in the lipid transporter adenosine triphosphate binding cassette A 12. Here, we reported a case of harlequin ichthyosis with no family history. No abnormalities were detected in prenatal sonography. A 24-year-old pregnant woman with premature rupture of membrane and labour pain was referred to a hospital in Shoushtar city, Iran. The mother delivered a male baby with harlequin ichthyosis. The infant baby died on the 5th day. Harlequin ichthyosis is associated with adenosine triphosphate binding cassette A 12 gene mutation; therefore, genetic screening and counselling for susceptible parents should be taken into account. Prenatal diagnosis of harlequin ichthyosis principally via sonographic techniques is important in managing the disorder

Comparison of Marital Satisfaction of Nurse Couples and Those Whose Spouse is not a Nurse and Predicting Factors that Determine their Marital Satisfaction

Context: The nature of the nursing profession is one of the effective factors in the marital satisfaction of nurses. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the level of marital satisfaction in nurse couples in comparison to those whose spouse is not a nurse and predict factors that determine their marital satisfaction. Methods: Following a cross-sectional design, a total of 252 nurses working in educational hospitals in western and northwestern cities of Iran were recruited for this study. Participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire: (1) items related to socio-demographic characteristics; and (2) items related to ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (EMS) Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS v 21.0. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 32.4 (6.39) years. Marital satisfaction was higher among employed nurse couples, those with rotating shifts, those with a lower number of night-work shifts per month, those with personal housing, and those whose spouse was a nurse. Also, a significant association was found between income level and marital satisfaction (P = 0.002, F = 6.67). Conclusions: According to the findings, nurse couples had higher marital satisfaction in comparison to those whose spouse was not a nurse. Nurses reported their marital satisfaction as moderate. Paying attention to the livelihood conditions of nurses, providing more flexibility, and giving nurses the right to choose to set a monthly work schedule can improve their marital satisfaction. © 2022, Author(s)

Rozumienie roli diety w zapobieganiu cukrzycy przez kobiety ze stanem przedcukrzycowym — ocena za pomocą modelu kulturowego PEN-3

WSTĘP: Stan przedcukrzycowy jest jedną z najbardziej rozpowszechnionych epidemii na świecie. Osoby ze stanem przedcukrzycowym są najbardziej podatne na wystąpienie cukrzycy. Częstość występowania stanu przedcukrzycowego jest większa niż cukrzycy. Modyfikacja stylu życia na tym etapie może opóźnić początek cukrzycy typu 2 o dziesięć lat. Celem obecnego badania była ocena doświadczeń w kwestii zachowań żywieniowych służących zapobieganiu cukrzycy u kobiet ze stanem przedcukrzycowym w Dezful. METODY: W niniejszym badaniu, przeprowadzonym w Dezful w 2020 roku, zastosowano metodę kierunkowej analizy treści jakościowych (DqlCA). W badaniu poznano doświadczenia 41 kobiet ze stanem przedcukrzycowym w wieku 30–65 lat oraz 9 pracowników opieki zdrowotnej (lekarzy, dietetyków, ekspertów zdrowia publicznego), z którymi przeprowadzono dogłębne rozmowy na temat czynników wpływających na zachowania prewencyjne dotyczące cukrzycy, w tym zachowania żywieniowe i aktywność fizyczną, opierając się na konstrukcji modelu PEN-3. Uczestników wybrano z ośrodków opieki zdrowotnej w Dezful. Dane jakościowe przeanalizowano metodą DqlCA. Ważność danych określono na podstawie oceny ich akceptowalności, wiarygodności, możliwości adaptowania oraz możliwości odnoszenia do innych osób/sytuacji. WYNIKI: Najwłaściwszym i najbardziej dostępnym sposobem promowania zachowań służących prewencji cukrzycy u osób ze stanem przedcukrzycowym są zajęcia grupowe w celu promocji zdrowia, organizowane przez świadczeniodawców w opiece zdrowotnej. WNIOSKI: Kobiety ze stanem przedcukrzycowym prezentują różne poglądy i nawyki, na które wpływa ich świadomość, kultura żywienia oraz ograniczenia czasowe i przestrzenne. Poprzez identyfikację pozytywnych i negatywnych poglądów wpływających na dietę badacze, którzy chcą promować właściwe zachowania żywieniowe kobiet ze stanem przedcukrzycowym, powinni korygować i eliminować poglądy negatywne i hamujące poprzez działania ukierunkowane na te poglądy, jednocześnie kładąc nacisk na poglądy pozytywne i motywujące. Powinni oni również wykorzystywać wspomniane kwestie podczas interwencji edukacyjnych

Wpływ choroby koronawirusowej COVID-19 na jakość życia chorych na cukrzycę

WSTĘP: Cukrzyca, będąca jedną z najczęstszych chorób metabolicznych, prowadzi do inwalidyzujących powikłań i charakteryzuje się przewlekłą, niedostrzegalną progresją. Z jednej strony nakłada ona znaczne obciążenia finansowe na pacjenta, a z drugiej pogarsza jego jakość życia. Obecnie występująca epidemia choroby koronawirusowej COVID-19 ma zasięg międzynarodowy, a dostępne dane wskazują, że chorzy na cukrzycę są narażone na większe ryzyko zakażenia, a także wystąpienia poważnych problemów w przebiegu COVID-19. METODY: Przeprowadzono jakościowe badanie fenomenologiczne w celu oceny doświadczeń i osobistych odczuć chorych na cukrzycę w kwestii wpływu COVID-19 na jakość ich życia. W celu zebrania informacji w badaniu posłużono się metodą częściowo usystematyzowanych rozmów. Badaniem objęto 15 pacjentów skierowanych do ośrodków opieki zdrowotnej. Każda rozmowa została zarejestrowana po uzyskaniu zgody pacjenta, zapisana, a następnie przeanalizowana. WYNIKI: Po przeprowadzonej analizie dane uzyskane w badaniu podzielono na 6 głównych kategorii i 19 podkategorii. Wyróżniono następujące główne kategorie informacji uzyskanych w tym badaniu: wiedzę i świadomość, efekty psychologiczne, rozrywkę i rekreację, rodzinę pacjenta, opiekę zdrowotną oraz komunikację z pacjentami, ze szczególnym naciskiem na opiekę medyczną. Najważniejszymi efektami psychologicznymi występującymi u chorych na cukrzycę były stres wywołany przez COVID-19 oraz depresja. Doświadczyli oni również pewnych poważnych problemów związanych z opieką medyczną, w tym ograniczeń kierowania pacjentów do ośrodków opieki zdrowotnej w celu objęcia ich dalszą opieką oraz niedoboru lekarzy i innego personelu medycznego świadczącego usługi zdrowotne. WNIOSKI: Z przeprowadzonego badania wynika, że chorzy na cukrzycę doświadczają wielu różnych problemów w związku z COVID-19. Te problemy wpływają na ich jakość życia, a zatem należy je lepiej poznawać i rozwiązywać oraz dokładać więcej starań i doskonalić planowanie w celu poprawy ich stanu zdrowia i jakości życia

Effectiveness of nutrition education and counseling on metabolic control parameters of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in primary health care centers

Introduction. Diet compliance is an essential part of the treatment and control of diabetes. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of education and face to face diet counseling on metabolic control parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes in primary health care centers. Material and methods. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 90 T2DM patients who referred to Andimeshk community health centers in 2018. Patients were randomly divided into two intervention (n = 45) and control (n = 45) groups. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, paired t-test and Chi-square using SPSS-18 software. Results. Sixteen weeks after the implementation of the nutrition education and counseling program, there was a significant decrease in the clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters of the intervention group (P 0.05). Conclusion. The research findings show that the implementation of group education program, along with individual nutrition counseling, is very effective and can lead to weight loss, improved blood pressure and better control of blood glucose and lipids in T2DM patients. Therefore, the combination of education and counseling as two complementary methods in the treatment and control of diseases such as diabetes seems essential and effective. © 2020 Via Medica. All rights reserved