Investigation of the Effects of Inlet System Configuration on the Airflow Characteristics

The effort towards the development of an engine that is efficient and green has become one of the biggest efforts of the major part of the automotive industry. The contribution of air quality to the engine plays an important role to increase power while minimizing the exhaust emission. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the characteristic of the air intake system of a naturally aspirated engine on a steady flow bench. The experiment was conducted using an industrial flow bench apparatus where the pressure different test pressures can be set and, at every test pressure, the valve is lifted at an increment of 1mm until the maximum possible valve lift where the flow rate is obtained in terms of cubic foot per minute or CFM. The experiment process was then repeated at different configuration. The experimental result shows that the flow rate increases with each valve lift in a linear pattern until at a certain point where the value becomes constant. The result also indicated that the flow rate increases as the different pressure increases

Emissions of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Operating with Ethanol

The conventional software of GT-Power is used to simulate a single cylinder diesel engine. The diesel engine is simulated to study the engine emission when the engine is operating with ethanol as alternative fuel. The simulation results were compared with the data from the diesel engine operating with mineral diesel The simulations are conducted at full load condition for the engine operating with ethanol and mineral diesel. It is found that the emission of diesel engine operating with ethanol is higher as compared to mineral diesel

Effects of Pilot Injection Timing and EGR on a Modern V6 Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine

Nitric oxide and smoke emissions in diesel engine can be controlled by optimising the air/fuel mixture and combustion temperature. Early in-cylinder diesel injection that produces premixed charge can simultaneously reduce NOx and smoke emissions. However, there could be an increase in hydrocarbons and CO emissions due to fuel impinged to the cylinder wall. The focus of the present work is on the effects of a variation of pilot injection timing with EGR to NOx and smoke level of a modern V6 common rail direct injection. This study is carried out at two different engine load conditions of 30 Nm and 55 Nm, at constant engine speed of 2000 rpm. Emissions of NOx are measured from the exhaust sample line by an exhaust gas analyzer (Horiba MEXA-7100EGR). Smoke level is measured by using an AVL 415S smoke meter which provides results directly as a Filter Smoke Number (FSN) unit. The results show that the early pilot injection timing contributed to the lower smoke level and higher NOx emissions. The higher level of NOx is due to higher combustion temperatures resulting from the complete combustion. Meanwhile, the lower smoke level is due to complete fuel combustion and soot oxidation. The early pilot injection timing produces an intermediate main ignition delay which also contributed to complete combustion. The formation of smoke is higher at a high engine load compared with low engine load is due to the higher amount of fuel being injected, resulting in higher smoke formatio

An Experimental Study of the Influence of Fiber Architecture on the Strength of Polymer Composite Material

The study focuses on the influence of fiber architecture (sequence and orientation) on flexural strength of glass fiber reinforced composite material. Composite materials are used increasingly in various fields such as space and aviation industries, architectural structures, shipbuilding materials, sporting goods, and interior and structural materials of automobiles due to the excellence of mechanical characteristics as well as light weight, heat resistance, and control characteristics. The main purpose of this study is to obtain the effects of fiber sequence and orientation to the flexural properties of laminated polymer composite material. Glass fiber reinforced polymer laminates are produced with each laminate consists of four layers of lamina. The matrix used is thermoset polyester with woven roving and chopped strand mat E-glass fiber as reinforcement materials. Each sample is different from another in terms of stacking sequence and orientation angles. Hand lay-up process is used to produce composite laminates and a tungsten carbide jigsaw cutter is used to cut the samples to required dimensions. The experimental work is carried out in accordance to three-point flexure test of ASTM-D790. It is noted from this work that the existence of chopped strand mat had significantly improved the flexural properties of the composite laminates

An Overview of Spark Ignition Engine Operating on Lower-Higher Molecular Mass Alcohol Blended Gasoline Fuels

This paper reviews the utilization of lower and higher molecular weight alcohols as fuel for spark ignition engine. As an alternative fuel for spark ignition engine, alcohol is widely accepted as comparable to gasolin. It is due to its ability that can be produced from biological matter through the current available and new processes. Moreover, alcohol is also considered as fuel additive due to its physical and chemical properties compatible with the requirements of modern engines. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of these fuels by highlighting on the fuel properties and spark ignition engine responses. The first part of this review explains the important of alcohol fuel properties related to the engine performance and emissions, and the difference of these properties for each type of alcohol. The second part discusses recent advancements in research involving lower and higher molecular weight alcohols mainly responses from spark ignition engine

Experimental investigation on physicochemical properties of Iso-Butanol additive in methanol-gasoline blends / Hazim Sharudin ...[et al.]

Alcohol fuels such as methanol are popular as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engine because of its economic and environmental advantages over fossil fuel. Blended methanol-gasoline fuels can be improved further by adding higher carbon number such as iso-butanol as they have higher energy content and are able to displace more gasoline fuel. However, the research on the addition of lower ratio iso-butanol in methanol-gasoline fuel properties is not investigated thoroughly. Therefore, this study will focus on investigating the physical and chemical properties of iso-butanol additive in methanol-gasoline blends. Different methanol-gasoline fuel blends were obtained with the addition of 5 vol%, 10 vol%, and 15 vol% iso-butanol into a lower ratio of 5 vol% methanol-gasoline blended fuel. The blended fuel properties determined are density, kinematic viscosity, lower heating value, latent heat of vaporization and Reid of vapour pressure. Characterization of the blends with iso-butanol additive was tested according to specific test standards. From the test results, improvement was recorded at density, kinematic viscosity, and latent heat of vaporization for iso-butanol additive of 5%, 10%, and 15% with 5% of the methanol-gasoline fuel blends. On the other hand, a reduction was recorded for both lower heating value and Reid vapour pressure for all blended fuels with iso-butanol additive in comparison to that of base fuel. No phase separation occurred and the blends were successfully blended in lower ratio volume at specific temperatures. Overall, a lower ratio of the iso-butanol additive on methanol-gasoline blends was found to improve the current existing methanol-gasoline blends

Effects of Air Intake Pressure on the Engine Performance, Fuel Economy and Exhaust Emissions of A Small Gasoline Engine

This study presents the engine performance, fuel economy and exhaust emissions at variations of air intake pressure. In a carburetor system, the air intake pressure is influenced by the degree of opening throttle plate and the Venturi effect which draws the fuel to the combustion chamber. The experimental work was carried out on variations of engine speed and load using a single cylinder four stroke gasoline engine attached to a dynamometer. The measured exhaust emission compositions are used to determine the mode of combustion. The results show that the standard air intake system resulted in rich combustion which then led to incomplete combustion, which was caused by less availability of air for the combustion process. Eliminating the air filter reduces the air flow restriction in the air intake system resulting in better combustion and less unburned components due to higher air availability. Higher air intake pressure is better at increasing the efficiency of combustion within a limited time to improve fuel economy, power output and exhaust emissions. Better combustion also leads to reduced unburned components such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydroxide (OH), which results in cleaner emissions

Performance and emissions of diesel engine with circulation nonsurfactant emulsion fuel system

Diesel engine is known for its durable operation and capability of utilizing various type of fuels, however, dangerous exhaust emissions are emitted from diesel engines. Nonsurfactant emulsion fuel is a potential fuel for diesel engine to reduce for Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Particulate matter (PM) emission compare to conventional diesel fuel in a diesel engine. In this study, emulsion fuel was prepared using a mixer known as Circulation Non-Surfactant Emulsion Fuel System. The study carried out with different water percentages in the emulsion fuel given as follows: 3%, 6%, and 9% and at a different engine load condition from 1-4 kW with a constant speed of 3200 rpm. Results show that, 6% emulsion fuel shows average 4.38% reduction in NOx emission and 1.10% reduction in fuel consumption. 9% emulsion fuel show higher amount of CO emission compare to Diesel while it reduces CO2 emission. Overall, 6% when prepared are recommended for the formation of non-surfactant emulsion fuel