On the IMF Multiplicity in Au+Au Reactions

Intermediate mass fragment (IMF) multiplicity has been investigated for Au+Au reactions at incident energies of 100, 250 and 400 MeV/A. From the analysis of the impact-parameter-dependence of the IMF multiplicity using our QMD plus statistical evaporation model, we found that 1) statistical decay process modifies the results greatly, and 2) the Fermi motion plays a role to increase the IMF multiplicity for whole impact-parameter range.Comment: 9pages, Latex is used, 2 Postscript figures are available by request from [email protected]

Applicability of the QMD model to various nuclear reactions

The basic formulation and the detail of the parameters included in the standard QMD model, JQMD (JAERI Quantum Molecular Dynamics) are described. Various cross sections calculated by the QMD model are compared with the data at various energies for heavy ion reactions and also nucleon induced reactions. The range of the applicability of the QMD model and the limitation of the QMD model are discussed

Multifragmentation through Exotic Shape Nuclei in alpha(5GeV/u) + Au Reactions

We simulate the fragmentation processes in the {$\alpha$~$+$~Au~} collisions at a bombarding energy of 5 GeV/u using the simplified RQMD approach plus the statistical decay model. We find from the simulation that the angular-distribution of the intermediate mass fragments has a sideward peak, more strongly in the transverse direction than in the beam-direction, when the intermediate nucleus formed by the dynamical process has an annular eclipse shape, which explains the experimental results.Comment: 11pages, Rectex is used, 3 Color-Postscript figures are also available by request from [email protected]

Relativistic Effects in the Transverse Flow in the Molecular Dynamics Framework

In order to investigate relativistic effects we compare the transverse flow calculated by using the four versions of the QMD approaches with that of the full covariant RQMD approach. From the comparison we conclude that the simplified RQMD (RQMD/S), which uses the common time coordinate to all particles, can be used instead of RQMD up to 6 GeV/u.Comment: 6pages, Latex is used, 1 Postscript figures are available by request from [email protected]

Analysis of proton-induced fragment production cross sections by the Quantum Molecular Dynamics plus Statistical Decay Model

The production cross sections of various fragments from proton-induced reactions on $^{56}$Fe and $^{27}$Al have been analyzed by the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) plus Statistical Decay Model (SDM). It was found that the mass and charge distributions calculated with and without the statistical decay have very different shapes. These results also depend strongly on the impact parameter, showing an importance of the dynamical treatment as realized by the QMD approach. The calculated results were compared with experimental data in the energy region from 50 MeV to 5 GeV. The QMD+SDM calculation could reproduce the production cross sections of the light clusters and intermediate-mass to heavy fragments in a good accuracy. The production cross section of $^{7}$Be was, however, underpredicted by approximately 2 orders of magnitude, showing the necessity of another reaction mechanism not taken into account in the present model.Comment: 12 pages, Latex is used, 6 Postscript figures are available by request from [email protected]

Integrated Simulation of Fragmentation, Evaporation, and Gamma-decay Processes in the Interaction of Cosmic-ray Heavy Ions with the Atmosphere using PHITS

General-purpose Monte-Carlo radiation tranport calculation code PHITS is applied to calculate prompt gamma-ray emission from cosmic-ray heavy ions fragmented in the atmosphere. Event-by-event simulation of spallation reactions by cosmic-ray heavy ions was performed by combination of three reaction models, responsible for different reaction phases

Estudio del proceso inmediato en el derecho comparado entre Perú, Argentina y España, en el año 2021

La investigación tuvo como principal objetivo analizar la regulación del proceso inmediato en el Perú, Argentina y España; se analizó la base doctrinaria penal, tesis, revistas y artículos a nivel nacional e internacional, referida al proceso inmediato. Se empleó la metodología de tipo básica, con diseño analítico descriptivo y bajo un enfoque cualitativo, siendo la técnica usada el análisis documental, arrojando como resultado que en nuestra legislación el proceso inmediato presenta deficiencias y atenta contra los derechos del imputado y de la parte defensora, no permitiendo que el fiscal logre consolidar sus pruebas, para así garantizar un juicio justo y que respete la dignidad humana y la igualdad ante la ley, mientras que en la legislación Argentina, no se habla específicamente de un proceso inmediato, sino de un procedimiento especial, que está reservado específicamente para los casos de flagrancia; y en España, se le denomina “Juicios rápidos”, ya que la norma procesal desarrolla este concepto a razón de una lista taxativa de delitos y en circunstancias de flagrancia. Concluyendo, que la normatividad existente debe ser evaluada y corregida, tal como sucede en otros países, solo así los administradores de justicia otorgarán la protección respectiva al imputad