Environmental Sustainability 2.0: Empirical Analysis of Environmental Erp Implementation

We examined the implementation of a new and rapidly emerging class of enterprise software system for managing environmental resources such as energy and carbon emissions. Analysis of the implementation of an environmental enterprise resource planning (ERP) system at a leading global software and technology services company, SunGard Data Systems Inc., yielded three primary findings. First, we found that adoption of environmental ERP supported implementation of the corporate environmental sustainability strategy, and at the same time, may transform that very strategy. Second, we uncovered unique data sharing hurdles originating in the upstream energy information value chain. Finally, we identified the role of private equity as one important stakeholder that influences environmental ERP adoption. Overall, our analysis revealed that well-established IS phenomena have unique underlying mechanisms in the environmental sustainability context, inform understanding of cause and effect, and may ultimately enhance managerial practice and inform theoretical understanding.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91283/1/1175_Melville.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91283/4/1175_Melville.pd

Internet Business Practices Across the Globe: Lessons from Emerging Economies

Firms in emerging economies are rapidly becoming formidable competitors to long-established industry leaders from developed economies. In some cases, emerging-economy firms are acquiring developed-economy firms, such as the recent acquisitions of Jaguar by Tata Motors and Gateway by Acer. Aside from anecdotal reports of high-level corporate strategies adopted by certain emergingeconomy firms, there is little scholarly evidence concerning the operational details of how emergingeconomy firms are becoming competitive with developed-economy firms. A common explanation is labor cost or currency advantages in emerging economies. As emerging-economy firms also compete effectively in developed economies using developed-economy resources, this cannot be the entire explanation. We propose another explanation, based on dissimilar adaptation of the Internet to enable and reinforce business practices related to customer relationships and supply chain integration. This paper draws on original survey data from over 450 firms across 10 countries as well as case examples to illuminate three key ways that Internet business practices differ between developed- and emerging-economy firms. First, compared with developed-economy firms, emerging-economy firms place a relatively higher priority on using the Internet to achieve strong customer relationships via service and support. Second, emerging-economy firms place a relatively higher priority on using the Internet to integrate processes with suppliers than do developed-economy firms. Finally, emerging-economy firms are relatively more driven to adopt Internet business practices to expand existing markets and enter new markets, and accordingly report a relatively greater impact to international sales growth compared with developed-economy firms. Our findings suggest that managers in developed-economy firms would be wise to re-assess and re-evaluate their use of Internet business practices – in particular, in the areas of customer relationships and supply chain integration – to retain competitiveness in the dynamic global economy.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/61151/1/1113_Melville.pd

Digital innovation: A review and synthesis

Organizations are under increasing pressure to apply digital technologies to renew and transform their business models. A great deal of research has examined specific phenomena, such as adoption antecedents and design methods. However, it is unclear what we know in totality, including what research streams exist, how they fit together, and fruitful opportunities for new knowledge development. We combine scientometric and systematic literature review methodologies to examine 7 dimensions of an adapted theoretical framework: initiation; development; implementation; exploitation; the role of the external competitive environment; role of internal organizational environment; and product, service, and process outcomes. From a macro perspective, we find vastly uneven coverage of research streams, diversity and diffusiveness of research, and knowledge and learning as an underlying conceptual pillar. Combined with our summary of each of the 7 research streams, these findings suggest several areas of future research, which we develop by identifying oppositions and tensions.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146990/1/isj12193.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146990/2/isj12193_am.pd

Theories Used in Information Systems Research: Identifying Theory Networks in Leading IS Journals

Though use of theory is critical in Information Systems (IS) research, the theoretical foundations of IS research have been understudied. Using Social Network Analysis, we analyze theory usage in IS research published in MIS Quarterly and Information Systems Research from 1998 to 2006. We find Technology Acceptance Model, Resource- Based View and Game Theory to be the three most frequently used theories. While strong dominance is found in research focusing on Information Technology (IT) for individuals, organizations and markets, no theoretical dominance is found in IT for groups and IS development. Psychology, Economics and Sociology are disciplines IS researchers most frequently leverage for theories. Psychology contributes several theories representing a large fraction of the long tail of theories. Our analysis suggests that IS consists of a few distinctive clusters of research instead of a single core. Our results provide insights on theoretical foundations of IS and suggest research opportunities for scholars

Theories Used in Information Systems Research: Insights from Complex Network Analysis

Effective application of theory is critical to the development of new knowledge in Information Systems (IS) research. However, theory foundations of IS research are understudied. Using Complex Network Analysis, we analyze theory usage in IS research published in two premier journals (MIS Quarterly and Information Systems Research) from 1998 to 2006. Four principal findings emerge from our analysis. First, in contrast with prior studies which found a lack of dominant theories at an aggregate level, we find stronger dominance of theory usage within individual streams of IS research. Second, IS research draws from diverse set of disciplines, with Psychology emerging as a consistently dominant source of theories for IS during our study period. Moreover, theories originating in IS were found to be widely used in two streams of research (‘IS development’ and ‘IT and Individuals’ streams) and more sparingly used in other streams. Third, IS research tends to form clusters of theory usage, with little crossover across clusters. Moreover, streams of IS research constitute distinct clusters of theory usage. Finally, theories originating from Economics, Strategy and Organization Science tend to be used together, whereas those originating from Psychology, Sociology and IS tend to be used together. Taken together, our results contribute to scholarly understanding of theory foundations of IS research and illustrate methodological innovations in the study of theory use by employing Complex Network Analysis

Introduction to the Special Issue on AI Fairness, Trust, and Ethics

It is our pleasure to welcome you to this AIS Transactions on Human Computer Interaction special issue on artificial intelligence (AI) fairness, trust, and ethics. This special issue received research papers that unpacked the potential, challenges, impacts, and theoretical implications of AI. This special issue contains four papers that integrate research across diverse fields of study, such as social science, computer science, engineering, design, values, and other diverse topics related to AI fairness, trust, and ethics broadly conceptualized. This issue contains three of the four papers (along with a regular paper of the journal). The fourth or last paper of this special issue is forthcoming in March 2021. We hope that you enjoy these papers and, like us, look forward to similar research published in AIS Transactions on Human Computer Interaction

A two-stage meta-analysis identifies several new loci for Parkinson's Disease

A previous genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analysis of 12,386 PD cases and 21,026 controls conducted by the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC) discovered or confirmed 11 Parkinson's disease (PD) loci. This first analysis of the two-stage IPDGC study focused on the set of loci that passed genome-wide significance in the first stage GWA scan. However, the second stage genotyping array, the ImmunoChip, included a larger set of 1,920 SNPs selected on the basis of the GWA analysis. Here, we analyzed this set of 1,920 SNPs, and we identified five additional PD risk loci (combined p<5×10−10, PARK16/1q32, STX1B/16p11, FGF20/8p22, STBD1/4q21, and GPNMB/7p15). Two of these five loci have been suggested by previous association studies (PARK16/1q32, FGF20/8p22), and this study provides further support for these findings. Using a dataset of post-mortem brain samples assayed for gene expression (n = 399) and methylation (n = 292), we identified methylation and expression changes associated with PD risk variants in PARK16/1q32, GPNMB/7p15, and STX1B/16p11 loci, hence suggesting potential molecular mechanisms and candidate genes at these risk loci