Quality of fresh and stored mares’ milk

Mares’ milk is characterised by unique nutritional profile. In this study, the microbiological analysis of mares’ milk was performed. The presence of total bacteria, total lactic bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus lactis, Salmonella spp. and coliforms was investigated. Moreover, the influence of refrigerated and frozen storage on the total bacteria count, vitamin C, acidity and colour of milk was examined. Pathogenic Salmonella spp. and coliforms were not detected in the raw milk. It was revealed that mares’ milk can be stored for 72 hours under refrigeration at a temperature of +4 °C without reducing its microbiological quality. Most of the physicochemical properties remained unchanged, while colour measurements demonstrated a change in b* value after 48 h of refrigerated storage. Vitamin C content remained relatively stable during a week-long storage. Freezing of milk improved its microbiological status and caused significant changes in all colour components (L*, a*, b*). The obtained results demonstrated that mares’ milk had a high microbiological quality, favourable chemical composition and high vitamin C content which make this product a valuable potential component of functional foods. © 2018, Hrvatska Mljekarska Udruga

A combination of bacterial products and cover crops as an innovative method of weed control in organic spring barley

Field research was conducted at Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in 2019–2021. The objective was to determine the effects of bacterial formulations and cover crops on the biomass, number and species composition of dominating weeds prior to spring barley harvest. The field trial involved two factors: A – bacterial formulations: I – control, II – nitrogen-fixing bacteria ( Azospirillum lipoferum Br17, Azotobacter chroococcum), III – nitrogen-fixing bacteria ( Azospirillum lipoferum Br17, Azotobacter chroococcum) + phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria ( Bacillus megaterium var, phosphaticum, Arthrobacter agilis), IV – nitrogen-fixing bacteria ( Azotobacter chroococcum) + plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) ( Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens); B – cover crops: control without a cover crop, red clover, red clover + Italian ryegrass, Italian ryegrass. Spring barley was harvested in late July. Weed samples were collected just before harvest to determine the fresh and dry matter of weeds as well as their number and species composition. The research demonstrated conclusively that an application of bacterial products combined with cover crops contributed to a significant reduction in the weight and number of weeds including dominating species such as Chenopodium album, Sinapis arvensis, Tripleurospermum inodorum and Elymus repens. Superior weed control was achieved in spring barley grown in combination with Azotobacter chroococcum + PGPR and a mixture of red clover and Italian ryegrass as a cover crop

Abdominal aorta aneurysm screening program in Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship: early results

Introduction: The prevalence of abdominal aorta aneurysms (AAA) is estimated to be between 1.3–12.5%in men and 5.2% in women, which poses a serious public health issue. Ruptured aorta aneurysm most oftencauses internal bleeding and ultimately leads to death. The cause of high mortality is the asymptomatic occurrenceof AAA. Usually, the first symptom is its ruptureThe aim of our paper is to provide a relationship between the percentage of the population reporting to thevascular surgeon and the type of residence based on the analysis of data from screening studies carried out inone of the regions of Poland. Material and methods: Patients previously informed about the free diagnostics in the Provincial Hospital inKielce were examined by qualified physicians with ESAOTE MyLab Seven ultrasound device. Prior to that, patientswere asked to fill a questionnaire to acquire data about their risk factors, demography, and medical history. Results: A total of 22 (7.3%) aneurysms were found in a group of 301 patients, of which 20 (6.6%) werefound in men and 2 (0.66%) in women. Conclusions: Screening tests are an effective method to significantly improve early detection of AAAs. However,it is necessary to provide easier access to health professionals qualified to perform ultrasound examinations.It is especially important for the population of men with a family history of AAA, because they are at a higherrisk of developing this pathology. The incidence rate of AAA observed in our study is consistent with the datapublished in worldwide literature

Kvaliteta svježeg i skladištenog kobiljeg mlijeka

Mares’ milk is characterised by unique nutritional profile. In this study, the microbiological analysis of mares’ milk was performed. The presence of total bacteria, total lactic bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus lactis, Salmonella spp. and coliforms was investigated. Moreover, the influence of refrigerated and frozen storage on the total bacteria count, vitamin C, acidity and colour of milk was examined. Pathogenic Salmonella spp. and coliforms were not detected in the raw milk. It was revealed that mares’ milk can be stored for 72 hours under refrigeration at a temperature of +4 °C without reducing its microbiological quality. Most of the physicochemical properties remained unchanged, while colour measurements demonstrated a change in b* value after 48 h of refrigerated storage. Vitamin C content remained relatively stable during a week-long storage. Freezing of milk improved its microbiological status and caused significant changes in all colour components (L*, a*, b*). The obtained results demonstrated that mares’ milk had a high microbiological quality, favourable chemical composition and high vitamin C content which make this product a valuable potential component of functional foods.Mlijeko kobile odlikuje se izuzetnom hranjivom vrijednošću. U ovom istraživanju ispitivana je mikrobiološka kvaliteta kobiljeg mlijeka pri čemu je utvrđen ukupan broj bakterija mliječne kiseline, Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus lactis, Salmonella spp. i koliformne bakterije. Također je utvrđivan i utjecaj hladnog skladištenja ohlađenog i zamrznutog mlijeka na ukupan broj bakterija, količinu vitamina C, kiselost i boju mlijeka. U sirovom mlijeku nije utvrđena prisutnost patogenih mikroorganizama roda Salmonella spp. kao niti koliformnih bakterija. Dokazano je kako se mlijeko kobile može skladištiti 72 sata u hladnjaku na temperaturi +4 °C bez umanjenja njegove mikrobiološke kvalitete. Osim toga, većina fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava mlijeka ostala je nepromijenjena, a jedino je došlo do promjene vrijednosti parametra b * nakon 48 sati čuvanja u hladnjaku. Količina C vitamina ostala je relativno stabilna tijekom sedmodnevnog čuvanja. Zamrzavanje mlijeka utjecalo je na poboljšanje mikrobiološke kvalitete mlijeka te je istovremeno uzrokovalo znatne promjene u svim parametrima boje (L *, a *, b *). Rezultati ovog istraživanja dokazuju da kobilje mlijeko ima visoku mikrobiološku vrijednost, poželjan kemijski sastav te visoke količine vitamina C, što ovaj proizvod čini vrijednim potencijalnim prehrambenim proizvodom

Instruments of mineral deposit safeguarding in Poland, Slovakia and Czechia - Comparative analysis

Mineral deposits are essential for the economic, technological and social development. However, to enable them to play an appropriate role in the process of sustainable development, they need to be safeguarded in a comprehensive and systemic manner in the same measure as other elements of the environment. The practice of securing access to areas where the mineral deposits can be found is based on the statement that they can be extracted only in places where they occur. This fact defines the type and scope of instruments for safeguarding prospective deposit areas of minerals and their documented deposits. These issues gained in significance in the EU level in recent years however views on this subject across the Member States still vary. The paper subjects instruments of mineral deposit safeguarding used in Poland, Slovakia and Czechia to the analysis and multi-criteria comparative assessment. It recommends their division into the conceptual, legal, spatial planning and economic ones. As a result of studies, similarities and differences in the approach to mineral deposit safeguarding in individual countries are shown, indicating good practices and suggesting possible changes. The analysis revealed many analogies in actions aimed at mineral deposit safeguarding in individual countries, however the assessment of their effectiveness and implementation points at the necessity of taking further steps to increase deposit safeguarding.Web of Science102art. no. 1

Potential benefits and constraints of development of critical raw materials' production in the EU: analysis of selected case studies

ABSTRACT: Major benefits and constraints related to mineral extraction within the EU have been identified on the examples of selected critical raw materials’ deposits. Analyzed case studies include the following ore deposits: Myszków Mo-W-Cu (Poland), Juomasuo Au-Co (Finland), S. Pedro das Águias W-Sn (Portugal), Penouta Nb-Ta-Sn (Spain), Norra Kärr REEs (Sweden) and Trælen graphite (Norway). They represent different stages of development, from the early/grassroot exploration stage, through advanced exploration and active mining, up to reopening of abandoned mines, and refer to different problems and constraints related to the possibility of exploitation commencement. The multi-criteria analysis of the cases has included geological and economic factors as well as environmental, land use, social acceptance and infrastructure factors. These factors, in terms of cost and benefit analysis, have been considered at three levels: local, country and EU levels. The analyzed cases indicated the major obstacles that occur in different stages of deposit development and need to be overcome in order to enable a new deposit exploitation commencement. These are environmental (Juomasuo and Myszków), spatial (Juomasuo) as well as social constraints (Norra Kärr, Juomasuo). In the analyzed cases, the most important constraints related to future deposit extraction occur primarily at a local level, while some important benefits are identified mainly at the country and the EU levels. These major benefits are related to securing long-term supplies for the national industries and strategically important EU industry sectors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The effect of sewage sludge and BAF inoculant on plant condition and yield as well as biochemical and microbial activity of soil in willow (Salix viminalis L.) culture as an energy crop

Excessive amounts of sewage sludge produced in sewage treatment plants along with the ban on its storage and dumping require rapid solutions to the problem of sewage sludge management. An example of a rational and environmentally viable method may be provided by its application in agriculture and environmental management. The optimal solution is to use sludge as a fertiliser for industrial plants, including energy crops, that is, those not used in food production. For environmental reasons it is essential to control soil quality and condition following sludge application. Analyses of the residual effect of sewage sludge and bacteria, actinobacteria, fungi microbial inoculant (BAF) on selected physiological parameters of plants and microbial activity of soil were conducted in the years 2013–2015 on experimental fields of the Poznan University of Life Sciences. The results indicate that the application of sewage sludge increased yields and improved selected photosynthesis activity and biometric traits of willow. Among the tested combinations the best results were obtained following the application of sewage sludge combined with the BAF medium microbial inoculant. Similar dependencies were observed when evaluating soil microbial activity

Outcome of refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia in children treated during 2005-2011 : experience of the Polish Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group (PPLLSG)

AIM OF THE STUDY: Recent studies showed relatively better outcome for children with refractory (refAML) and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (relAML). Treatment of these patients has not been unified within Polish Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group (PPLLSG) so far. The goal of this study is to analyze the results of this therapy performed between 2005–2011. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The outcome data of 16 patients with refAML and 62 with relAML were analyzed retrospectively. Reinduction was usually based on idarubicine, fludarabine and cytarabine with allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) in 5 refAML and 30 relAML children. RESULTS: Seventy seven percent relAML patients entered second complete remission (CR2). Five-year OS and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated at 16% and 30%. The outcome for patients after alloHSCT in CR2 (63%) was better than that of those not transplanted (36%) with 5-year OS of 34% vs. 2-year of 7% and 5-year DFS of 40% vs. 12.5%. Second complete remission achievement and alloHSCT were the most significant predictors of better prognosis (p = 0.000 and p = 0.024). The outcome of refAML children was significantly worse than relAML with first remission (CR1) rate of 33%, OS and DFS of 25% at 3 years and 53% at 2 years, respectively. All survivors of refAML were treated with alloHSCT after CR1. CONCLUSIONS: The uniform reinduction regimen of the documented efficacy and subsequent alloHSCT in remission is needed to improve the outcome for ref/relAML children treated within PPLLSG. The focus should be on the future risk-directed both front and second line AML therapy

Mental disorders in Kirino Natsuo's work, based on the novel "Grotesque"

W pracy zanalizowany został sposób przedstawienia postaci i ich dyspozycji psychicznej (konkretnie zaburzeń psychicznych) w powieści Kirino Natsuo "Groteska". Praca przedstawia inną od powszechnej interpretację powieści, prezentując wątek zaburzeń psychicznych jako element mający ogromny wpływ na motywację bohaterów i sposób prowadzenia oraz rozwój fabuły. Styl literacki powieści oraz metoda prowadzenia fabuły wskazują na możliwy zamiar autorki zaprezentowania za pomocą utworu sposobu rozwoju oraz objawów wybranych chorób psychicznych, co udowadnia analiza formy epistolarnej tekstu i porównanie zwierzeń poszczególnych postaci z zapiskami prowadzonymi przez faktyczne osoby cierpiące na choroby psychiczne lub sposobem opisu zaburzeń psychicznych w zachodniej literaturze. Zarówno główna narratorka, jak i inne opisane postaci cierpiały na zaburzenia psychiczne utrudniające prawidłowy kontakt ze społeczeństwem, ktore mogły wynikać z wychowania i wpływów środowiska oraz znacząco wpływały na wydarzenia i doświadczenia wymienionych bohaterów przedstawione w powieści.This thesis analyses the method of presenting the characters and their psychological disposition (specifically mental disorders) in Kirino Natsuo's novel "Grotesque". The thesis introduces different from the common ones interpretation of the novel, depicting the motif of mental disorders as the element having great influence on characters' motivation and method of developing the plot. The literary style of the novel and plotline development denote the possible intention of the author to use the literary work as means of describing the development and symptoms of the chosen mental disorders, which is proved by the analysis of the epistolary form of the text and comparison of the confessions of some of the characters with records written by the actual people suffering from mental disorders or the methods of presenting mental disorders in western literature. Both the main narrator and other introduced characters are suffering from mental disorders, which hinder their ability to form proper contact with society and could have been the result of upbringing and influence of the environment. These mental disorders had great influence on the events and experiences of the characters depicted in the novel

The Role of Mineral Raw Materials Education in a Social License to Operate—A Case of Poland

The Social License to Operate (SLO), understood as the consent of a wide group of stakeholders to mining activities, has become an important element in the process of obtaining a mining license in recent years. Such a pattern of increasing importance is common, both in Poland and throughout the EU. Therefore, it should be of key importance to prevent society’s reluctance to this industry. The article indicates that a very important tool in this matter should be reliable and knowledge-based raw materials education, carried out as early as at the stage of school education. Deficiencies in this respect were revealed through a survey conducted among children and youth up to 15 years of age. The results of the survey were discussed in the context of the development of raw materials education in Poland, which results indicate should focus on emphasizing the benefits of mining, both in terms of the general public and individuals. Shaping and strengthening the mineral raw materials awareness of the inhabitants of Poland is also of key importance for the implementation of standards for the protection of mineral deposits and ensuring the country’s resource security