Consumer activism in times of economic crisis and recovery : a cross-country analysis of the role of social capital in boycotting products

Purpose: This paper’s objective is twofold: 1) to show how the outbreak of an economic crisis and then an economic recovery affect consumer activism; and 2) to examine how social capital moderates the effects of economic crisis and economic recovery. Design/Methodology/Approach: Drawing on the economic and sociological literature, this study develops a set of hypotheses that explain the role of social capital in consumer activism under different economic conditions. In order to test research predictions, the study uses a reliable data source that is European Social Survey. Findings: The research findings clearly demonstrate that social capital at the country level boosts consumer activism during an economic recovery. Intriguingly, the study shows that social capital seems to have a neutral effect on boycotting products during an economic crisis. Practical Implications: This study suggests that consumers are likely to become more sensitive to unethical behaviour by companies in a situation of economic recovery. Thus, firms should be particularly careful about ethically questionable situations in that time. Originality/Value: The added value arises from showing the role of social capital in consumer activism, in different economic conditions.peer-reviewe

An Analysis of the Polish Translation of Grant Morrison’s Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth

Grant Morrison’s work has greatly added to the Scottish graphic novel tradition. In this regard, this paper will look at the recent Polish translation of the 25th anniversary edition of one of his iconic and groundbreaking Batman graphic novels, Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth. A brief description and publishing history of the graphic novel will be provided, followed by an analysis of the quality, style and publishing history of the translation in order to produce a final commentary on how Morrison’s work has been rendered into the Polish language. It is concluded the translation is largely faithful to its original although it is marred with a number of careless and confusing errors which ultimately have an impact on the reading experience

"Invalidation" of design in Polish and European Union law

Tematem pracy jest "unieważnianie" prawa do wzoru przemysłowego w prawie polskim i unijnym. W opracowaniu w odniesieniu do prawa z rejestracji wzoru przemysłowego w rozumieniu przepisów prawa polskiego oraz regulowanego przepisami unijnymi wzoru wspólnotowego omówione zostały następujące zagadnienia: ukształtowanie prawa, naruszenie prawa oraz procedura stwierdzenia nieważności. Główny problem opracowania stanowi relacja postępowania o naruszenie wzoru przed sądem cywilnym z prowadzonym przed Urzędem Patentowym postępowaniem w przedmiocie jego naruszenia. Autorka wskazuje na brak stosownej regulacji w prawie polskim w przedmiocie koordynacji wyżej wymienionych postępowań, wskazując na konieczność interwencji ustawodawcy. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano konsekwencje braku stosownych przepisów oraz przedstawiono możliwe rozwiązania legislacyjne w oparciu o badania wskazanej problematyki w prawie unijnym, niemieckim i austriackim.The subject of the thesis is "invalidation" of the design right in the Polish and European Union Law. In the study following issues have been contained: design definition, design infringement and invalidity declaration procedure of a design. The main topic of the thesis is the relationship between infringement proceedings before a civil court and administrative "invalidation" procedure before Patent Office. The author points lack of relevant regulation in the Polish law presenting consequences in respect of that. Basing on study concerning EU, Austrian and German law possible solutions regarding the above problem have been proposed