451 research outputs found
Roads to success:an analysis of factors hindering or advancing regional capacity for technological innovation
Emulsifier and antioxidant properties of by-products obtained by enzymatic degumming of soybean oil
The enzymes used in degumming, called phospholipases, specifically act on phospholipids without degrading the oil itself. Degumming using a phospholipase C enzyme allows to meet all market specifications while it increases the oil yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant and emulsifier properties of the recovered gum (RG) obtained by enzymatic oil degumming process of crude soybean oil subjected to modifications as deoiling (RG deoiled) or ethanol fractionation (RG soluble and insoluble). RG soluble allowed obtaining more stable O/W emulsions (30:70 w/w) in comparison with those by-products assayed at different concentrations (0.1?1.0%). Also, deoiled soybean lecithin (DSL) andRG deoiled had a similar behavior in relation to the kinetic destabilization (%BS profiles), despite the different degumming processes used to obtain these samples. The study on induction times (Metrohm Rancimat) showed a significant antioxidant effect (p<0.05) against a refined sunflower oil associated with all the by-products analyzed. However, RG soluble and DSL showed a strong effect on the oil stability at high concentrations (1000?2000 ppm). These results showed that the deoiled recovered gum and its derivates obtained by ethanol fractionation are a potential alternative for industrial application as additive.Fil: Cabezas, Dario Marcelino. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Diehl, B. W. K.. Spectral Service GmbH Laboratorium fur Auftragsanalytik. Cologne; AlemaniaFil: Tomas, Mabel Cristina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Public sector facility management at military unit level: an exploratory study
The purpose of this research is to explore the scope and understanding of facility management (FM) in the public sector, and specifically at military unit level, and compare it to a normative model. The principles of applied research are used in a single exploratory and instrumental case study with a mixed-method approach of data gathering. The literature review studied secondary data to create context, and open-ended and closed-ended questions in a questionnaire produced primary data on the actual scope and understanding of FM. A sequential mixed research approach was used to discuss the five research propositions. The research found that FM policies do not extend to military unit level. Furthermore, that FM practitioners have some understanding and competencies but there is no consistency in and between units, and therefore, support is needed in some. Support is required in the form of training/education, career development, budgets and structures as identified by FM practitioners. The Department of Defence (DOD) needs to define and communicate FM; structure FM down to unit level; staff structures; train, educate, and promote FM practitioners as FM professionals; and fund FM activities. FM practitioners need to be informed and skilled, they should build networks, and be cost conscious. This research is limited by studying FM at only a few military units on the West Coast of South Africa, which limits statistical inference and the establishment of FM within the whole of the DOD. Although FM research has been done within the South African public sector, and the DOD has made contributions, no previous research has focussed on FM at military unit level. The value of this research is a consolidated and focussed effort towards FM, which ultimately contributes to state security and the cost thereof. Future research should find the optimal structure, staffing and competencies for FM in military units
Benzene-1,4-diol–5-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrimidine (1/1)
The asymmetric unit of title compound, C7H6N4·C6H6O2, contains one 5-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrimidine molecule and two half benzene-1,4-diol molecules; the benzene-1,4-diol molecules are located on individual inversion centers. In the pyrimidine molecule, the imidazole ring is twisted with respect to the pyrimidine ring at a dihedral angle of 25.73 (7)°. In the crystal, O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form supramolecular chains. π–π stacking is also observed in the crystal, the centroid–centroid distance between parallel imdazole rings being 3.5543 (16) Å
ASO Author Reflections:The PlasmaJet<sup>®</sup> Device Contributes to an Increase in the Number of Complete Cytoreductive Surgeries for Ovarian Cancer Patients
Effectiveness and safety of the PlasmaJet (R) Device in advanced stage ovarian carcinoma: a systematic review
A 2:1 Co-Crystal of Hydroquinone and 3,5-Bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole
The title compound, 2C₁₂H₉N5₅.C₆H₆O₂, exhibits a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network of N-H...N, C-H...N, O-H...N, C-H...O, C-H...π and π...π interactions
Financial literacy as core competency of South African military officers : a measurement instrument
Thesis (PhD (School of Public Management and Planning
))—University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT:
Since 1994, education and training in South Africa has experienced various changes,
driven mainly by the Green Paper on Skills Development and the White Paper on
Education which set objectives and outcomes and gave guidelines on how education
and training should be approached, planned, and managed.
The White Paper on Education necessitated change in SA tertiary institutions such
as Stellenbosch University and its respective faculties. The Faculty of Military
Science, which is situated at the South African Military Academy (SAMA) in
Saldanha, accepted the challenge of contributing to the full personal development of
students, by undertaking to shape people capable of organising and managing
themselves and their human activities, including their financial activities, responsibly
and effectively.
The success of higher education institutions in empowering young people to be
financially capable is questioned by various publications and surveys. Preliminary
findings from surveys in 2004 and 2005 among students at the SAMA suggest that
they are largely financially illiterate, thus potentially economically volatile.
These findings introduce the research problem and serve as a foundation for the
development of a scientific, socially relevant, valid and reliable financial literacy
measurement instrument. A combined qualitative and quantitative research
methodology is applied to develop a measurement instrument, which is then
assessed for validity and reliability by applying it in a case study.
The secondary objective of this research is the social study of the financial
knowledge, financial behaviour and financial attitude levels of individuals. To ensure
relevance between the case study and the measurement instrument, financial literacy
is initially evaluated as a management competency. Financial literacy is stated as a
key competency in the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).
The financial literacy measurement instrument was constructed after an exploration
of the contextual and conceptual nature of financial literacy. A questionnaire was
selected as the ideal method of gathering the required information. The
questionnaire’s validity and reliability were assessed as part of descriptive research in the development phase, as well as in the case study. The face and content validity
were proven through input from respondents and subject experts.
Reliability of the measurement instrument was assessed by calculating item difficulty,
item discrimination, means, standard deviations and ultimately the internal
consistency of the financial knowledge, behaviour and attitude sections of the
measurement instrument.
In the case study first-year students achieved an average of 50.17% for their financial
knowledge although they rated their own knowledge levels to be 60.8%. The
respondents struggled most with questions pertaining to investment, insurance, and
inflation, and least with retirement and income and expenditure questions.
This research underlines the importance of financial literacy as a management
competency and its importance at a global, national, organisational and personal
level. It produces a valid and reliable financial literacy measurement instrument that
can be used by different stakeholders in South Africa to assess financial knowledge,
behaviour and attitude, and thus indicate where intervention is required. Having a
valid and reliable measurement instrument for measuring financial literacy creates
opportunity for future research and development.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:
Sedert 1994 het die opvoeding- en opleidingsteater in Suid-Afrika dramatiese
veranderinge ondergaan met veral die die Groenskrif op Vaardigheidsontwikkeling en
die Witskrif op Opvoeding, wat die doelwitte en uitkomste gestel het en die toon
aangegee het in terme van hoe opvoeding en opleiding aangepak, beplan en bestuur
behoort te word.
Verandering genoodsaak deur die Witskrif op Opvoeding sou by assosiasie ook
verandering noodsaak in SA tersiêre inrigtings soos Stellenbosch Universiteit en haar
fakulteite. Die Fakulteit Krygskunde, gevestig by die Suid-Afrkaanse Millitêre
Akademie (SAMA) in Saldanha, het die uitdaging aanvaar om by te dra tot die totale
persoonlike ontwikkeling van studente deur te onderneem om mense te vorm wat in
staat sal wees om hulself en hul aktiwiteite verantwoordelik en doeltreffend te
bestuur, insluitend hul finansiële aktiwiteite.
Hoër Onderwys se sukses met die bemagtiging van jong mense tot finansieel
vaardige individue is deur verskeie navorsingsverslae bevraagteken. Voorlopige
bevindinge van studies in 2004 en 2005 onder voograadse studente van die SAMA is
dat hulle grootliks finansieel ongeletterd is en gevolglik ekonomies kwesbaar.
Die bevindinge is die vertrekpunt van die probleemstelling vir hierdie studie, en vorm
die basis vir die ontwikkeling van 'n wetenskaplik- en sosiaalrelevante, geldige en
betroubare finansiële geletterdheidsmetingsinstrument. 'n Gekombineerde kwalitatiefkwantitatiewe
navorsingsmetodologie is toegepas in die ontwikkeling van 'n
metingsinstrument, en die verbandhoudende bepaling van sy geldigheid en
betroubaarheid deur die toepassing daarvan in 'n gevallestudie.
Die sekondêre doelwit van hierdie navorsing is die sosiale studie van die finansiële
kennis-, finansiële gedrags- en finansiële houdingsvlakke van individue. Ten einde
relevansie tussen die gevallestudie en die metingsinstrument te verseker, is
finansiële geletterdheid aanvanklik as 'n bestuursvaardigheid geëvalueer. Finansiële
geletterdheid word in die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag (SANW), as
kernvaardigheid aangedui.
Die finansiële geletterdheidsinstrument is gekonstrueer na 'n verkenning van die
konteksuele en konsepsuele aard van finansiële geletterdheid. 'n Vraelys is geselekteer as die ideale metode om die relevante data te bekom. Die vraelys se
geldigheid en betroubaarheid is as deel van deskriptiewe navorsing in die
ontwikkelingsfase, en ook tydens die gevallestudie, bepaal. Die gesigs- en
inhoudsgeldigheid is bevestig deur respondentterugvoer en vakspesialisinsette.
Betroubaarheid van die metingsinstrument is bepaal deur die berekening van
itemmoeilikheidsgraad, itemdiskriminasie, gemiddelde, standaardafwyking en
uiteindelik interne betroubaarheid van die finansiële kennis-, gedrags- en
houdingsafdelings van die metingsinstrument.
In die gevallestudie, het eerstejaarstudente 'n gemiddeld van 50.17% vir die
kennisfaktor behaal, alhoewel hulle hul eie kennisvlakke gemiddeld as 60.8%
aangedui het. Respondente het hoofsaaklik gesukkel met kennisvrae wat handel oor
beleggings, versekering en inflasie. Hul het die minste gesukkel met kennisvrae wat
handel oor aftrede en inkomste en uitgawes.
Hierdie navorsing bevestig die belangrikheid van finansiële geletterdheid as
bestuursvaardigheid, asook op 'n globale, nasionale, organisatoriese en persoonlike
vlak.
Hierdie studie het 'n geldige en betroubare finansiële geletterdheidsmetingsinstrument
opgelewer; een wat deur diverse finansiële geletterdheidsaandeelhouers
in Suid-Afrika aangewend kan word. Hierdie metingsinstrument sal empiriese inligting
oor finansiële kennis-, gedrags-, en houdingsvlakke genereer en aantoon waar
intervensie benodig word. Die belangrikheid van finansiële geletterdheid, sowel as
die noodsaak vir 'n geldige en geloofwaardige metingsinstrument, is geleenthede vir
verdere navorsing en ontwikkeling
Synthesis of Piano Stool Complexes Employing the Pentafluorophenyl-Substituted Diphosphine (C6F5)2PCH2P(C6F5)2 and the Effect of Phosphine Modifiers on Hydrogen Transfer Catalysis
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the Bartholin gland is not HPV-related: A case report and review of literature
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the Bartholin gland is a rare gynaecological entity. Despite its slow growth and inconspicuous presentation, vulvar ACC has a propensity for perineural invasion and is therefore associated with high local recurrence rates. We report a case of vulvar ACC in a 61-year-old woman with a prolonged swelling of the Bartholin gland. This patient presented with pulmonary metastases at the moment of histological diagnosis. The vulvar and the pulmonary lesions showed identical histology. Despite a history of human papilloma virus (HPV)-related usual type vulvar intra-epithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinoma, the vulvar ACC was negative for both p16 immuno
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