1,538 research outputs found
Hamiltonian Noether theorem for gauge systems and two time physics
The Noether theorem for Hamiltonian constrained systems is revisited. In
particular, our review presents a novel method to show that the gauge
transformations are generated by the conserved quantities associated with the
first class constraints. We apply our results to the relativistic point
particle, to the Friedberg et al. model and, with special emphasis, to two time
physics.Comment: 20 pages, Latex, references added, the "massless" sense of (87) is
clarifie
ON HIGHER ORDER NONLINEAR IMPULSIVE BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS
This work studies some two point impulsive boundary value problems composed
by a fully differential equation, which higher order contains an increasing homeomorphism,
by two point boundary conditions and impulsive e ects. We point out
that the impulsive conditions are given via multivariate generalized functions, including
impulses on the referred homeomorphism. The method used apply lower and upper
solutions technique together with xed point theory. Therefore we have not only the
existence of solutions but also the localization and qualitative data on their behavior.
Moreover a Nagumo condition will play a key role in the arguments
Generally Deformed Oscillator, Isospectral Oscillator System and Hermitian Phase Operator
The generally deformed oscillator (GDO) and its multiphoton realization as
well as the coherent and squeezed vacuum states are studied. We discuss, in
particular, the GDO depending on a complex parameter q (therefore we call it
q-GDO) together with the finite dimensional cyclic representations. As a
realistic physical system of GDO the isospectral oscillator system is studied
and it is found that its coherent and squeezed vacuum states are closely
related to those of the oscillator. It is pointed out that starting from the
q-GDO with q root of unity one can define the hermitian phase operators in
quantum optics consistently and algebraically. The new creation and
annihilation operators of the Pegg-Barnett type phase operator theory are
defined by using the cyclic representations and these operators degenerate to
those of the ordinary oscillator in the classical limit q->1.Comment: 21 pages, latex, no figure
Dynamics of Weyl Scale Invariant non-BPS p=3 Branes
In this paper a Weyl scale invariant brane scenario is introduced, with
the brane embedded in a higher dimensional bulk space with
Super--Weyl symmetry. Its action, which describes its long wave oscillation
modes into the ambient superspace and breaks the target symmetry down to the
lower dimensional Weyl W(1,3) symmetry, is constructed by the approach of coset
method.Comment: 12 pages, modified versio
Aporphinoid Alkaloids Derivatives as Selective Cholinesterases Inhibitors: Biological Evaluation and Docking Study
Alzheimer's dementia is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the elderly population and causes memory impairment and cognitive deficit. Manifestation of this disease is associated to acetylcholine decrease; thus, Cholinesterase inhibition is the main therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, a series of aporphinoid alkaloids were tested as potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors in vitro. Alkaloids liriodenine (3) and cassythicine (10) were the best inhibitors of both cholinesterases with IC50 values lower than 10 ÎĽM. In addition, these alkaloids demonstrated better inhibition of BChE than reference drug galantamine. In addition, some alkaloids showed selective inhibition. Laurotetatine clorhydrate (13) selectively inhibit AChE over BChE. On the contrary, pachyconfine (7) interacted more efficiently with BChE active site. Molecular modelling studies were performed in order to illustrate key interactions between most active compounds and the enzymes and to explain their selectivity. These studies reveal that the benzodioxole moiety exhibits strong interactions due to hydrogen bonds that form with the Glu201 (AChE) and Tyr440 (BChE) residues, which is reflected in the IC50 values.Fil: Cavallaro, Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto de QuĂmica del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de QuĂmica. Instituto de QuĂmica del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Murray, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Instituto de QuĂmica del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de QuĂmica. Instituto de QuĂmica del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Pungitore, Carlos Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en TecnologĂa QuĂmica. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de QuĂmica, BioquĂmica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en TecnologĂa QuĂmica; ArgentinaFil: Gutierrez, Lucas Joel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones BiolĂłgicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias FĂsico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones BiolĂłgicas de San Luis; Argentin
Dynamical derivation of Bode's law
In a planetary or satellite system, idealized as n small bodies in initially
coplanar, concentric orbits around a large central body, obeying Newtonian
point-particle mechanics, resonant perturbations will cause dynamical evolution
of the orbital radii except under highly specific mutual relationships, here
derived analytically apparently for the first time. In particular, the most
stable situation is achieved (in this idealized model) only when each planetary
orbit is roughly twice as far from the Sun as the preceding one, as observed
empirically already by Titius (1766) and Bode (1778) and used in both the
discoveries of Uranus (1781) and the Asteroid Belt (1801). ETC.Comment: 27 page
Optimal Transport, Convection, Magnetic Relaxation and Generalized Boussinesq equations
We establish a connection between Optimal Transport Theory and classical
Convection Theory for geophysical flows. Our starting point is the model
designed few years ago by Angenent, Haker and Tannenbaum to solve some Optimal
Transport problems. This model can be seen as a generalization of the
Darcy-Boussinesq equations, which is a degenerate version of the
Navier-Stokes-Boussinesq (NSB) equations. In a unified framework, we relate
different variants of the NSB equations (in particular what we call the
generalized Hydrostatic-Boussinesq equations) to various models involving
Optimal Transport (and the related Monge-Ampere equation. This includes the 2D
semi-geostrophic equations and some fully non-linear versions of the so-called
high-field limit of the Vlasov-Poisson system and of the Keller-Segel for
Chemotaxis. Finally, we show how a ``stringy'' generalization of the AHT model
can be related to the magnetic relaxation model studied by Arnold and Moffatt
to obtain stationary solutions of the Euler equations with prescribed topology
High optimization process for increasing the attenuation properties of acoustic metamaterials by means of the creation of defects
Copyright (2008) American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics along with the following message:
The following article appeared in “Romero GarcĂa, V.; Sánchez PĂ©rez, JV.; GarcĂa-Raffi, LM.; Herrero Durá, JM.; S. Garcia-Nieto; Blasco Ferragud, FX. (2008). High optimization process for increasing the attenuation properties of acoustic metamaterials by means of the creation of defects. Applied Physics Letters. 93:2235021-2235023” and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3040317. Authors own version of final article on e-print serversAn improvement in the attenuation capabilities of acoustic metamaterials by means of the creation of defects is considered here as a multiobjective optimization problem. From this point of view, it is possible to define the optimum strategy in the creation of defects to achieve an important increase in acoustic attenuation in a predetermined range of frequencies. A powerful multiobjective optimization algorithm called evMOGA has been used to solve this problem. The study has been restricted to the case of a two-dimensional sonic crystal formed by rigid cylinders in air, the defects being vacancies in the initial structure.This work was partially supported by MEC (Spanish Government) and FEDER funds: Project Nos. 419DPI2005-07835 and MAT2006-03097 and Generalitat Valenciana Project Nos. GV06/026 and GV/2007/191.Romero GarcĂa, V.; Sánchez PĂ©rez, JV.; GarcĂa-Raffi, LM.; Herrero Durá, JM.; GarcĂa Nieto, S.; Blasco Ferragud, FX. (2008). High optimization process for increasing the attenuation properties of acoustic metamaterials by means of the creation of defects. Applied Physics Letters. 93(22):2235021-2235023. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3040317S223502122350239322Fang, N., Xi, D., Xu, J., Ambati, M., Srituravanich, W., Sun, C., & Zhang, X. (2006). Ultrasonic metamaterials with negative modulus. Nature Materials, 5(6), 452-456. doi:10.1038/nmat1644Torrent, D., & Sánchez-Dehesa, J. (2008). Anisotropic mass density by two-dimensional acoustic metamaterials. New Journal of Physics, 10(2), 023004. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/10/2/023004Sánchez-PĂ©rez, J. V., Caballero, D., Mártinez-Sala, R., Rubio, C., Sánchez-Dehesa, J., Meseguer, F., … Gálvez, F. (1998). Sound Attenuation by a Two-Dimensional Array of Rigid Cylinders. Physical Review Letters, 80(24), 5325-5328. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.80.5325Fokin, V., Ambati, M., Sun, C., & Zhang, X. (2007). Method for retrieving effective properties of locally resonant acoustic metamaterials. Physical Review B, 76(14). doi:10.1103/physrevb.76.144302Sanchez-Perez, J. V., Rubio, C., Martinez-Sala, R., Sanchez-Grandia, R., & Gomez, V. (2002). Acoustic barriers based on periodic arrays of scatterers. Applied Physics Letters, 81(27), 5240-5242. doi:10.1063/1.1533112Torrent, D., & Sánchez-Dehesa, J. (2007). Acoustic metamaterials for new two-dimensional sonic devices. New Journal of Physics, 9(9), 323-323. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/9/9/323Romero-GarcĂa, V., Fuster, E., GarcĂa-Raffi, L. M., Sánchez-PĂ©rez, E. A., Sopena, M., Llinares, J., & Sánchez-PĂ©rez, J. V. (2006). Band gap creation using quasiordered structures based on sonic crystals. Applied Physics Letters, 88(17), 174104. doi:10.1063/1.2198012Herrero, J. M., Blasco, X., MartĂnez, M., Ramos, C., & Sanchis, J. (2007). Non-linear robust identification of a greenhouse model using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. Biosystems Engineering, 98(3), 335-346. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2007.06.004Kafesaki, M., & Economou, E. N. (1999). Multiple-scattering theory for three-dimensional periodic acoustic composites. Physical Review B, 60(17), 11993-12001. doi:10.1103/physrevb.60.11993Ehrgott, M., & Tenfelde-Podehl, D. (2003). Computation of ideal and Nadir values and implications for their use in MCDM methods. European Journal of Operational Research, 151(1), 119-139. doi:10.1016/s0377-2217(02)00595-7Coello Coello, C. A., Van Veldhuizen, D. A., & Lamont, G. B. (2002). Evolutionary Algorithms for Solving Multi-Objective Problems. Genetic Algorithms and Evolutionary Computation. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-5184-
Hole distribution in phononic crystals: design and optimization
An exhaustive study has been made into the potential improvement in attenuation and focusing of phononic crystal arrays resulting from the deliberate creation of vacancies. Use is made of a stochastic search algorithm based on evolutionary algorithms called the epsilon variable multi-objective genetic algorithm which, in conjunction with the application of multiple scattering theory, enables the design of devices for effectively controlling sound waves. Several parameters are analyzed, including the symmetries used in the distribution of holes and the optimum number of holes. The validity and utility of the general rules obtained have been confirmed experimentally.This work was partially supported by MEC (Spanish Government) and FEDER funds: Project Nos. 419DPI2005-07835, and MAT2006-03097 and Generalitat Valenciana Project Nos. GV06/026 and 420 GV/2007/191. The authors would like to thank John Rawlins (associate member of the Institute of Translation and Interpreting (No. 9743) of UK, and "Certified PRO" of ProZ according to the EN 15038) for his help with the use of English.Romero GarcĂa, V.; Sánchez PĂ©rez, JV.; GarcĂa Raffi, LM.; Herrero Durá, JM.; GarcĂa Nieto, S.; Blasco, X. (2009). Hole distribution in phononic crystals: design and optimization. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 125(6):3774-3783. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3126948S37743783125
The Efficiency of Globular Cluster Formation
(Abridged): The total populations of globular cluster systems (GCSs) are
discussed in terms of their connection to the efficiency of globular cluster
formation---the mass fraction of star-forming gas that was able to form bound
stellar clusters rather than isolated stars or unbound associations---in galaxy
halos. Observed variations in GCS specific frequencies (S_N=N_gc/L_gal), both
as a function of galactocentric radius in individual systems and globally
between entire galaxies, are reviewed in this light. It is argued that trends
in S_N do not reflect any real variation in the underlying efficiency of
cluster formation; rather, they result from ignoring the hot gas in many large
ellipticals. This claim is checked and confirmed in each of M87, M49, and NGC
1399, for which existing data are combined to show that the volume density
profile of globular clusters, rho_cl, is directly proportional to the sum of
(rho_gas+rho_stars) at large radii. The constant of proportionality is the same
in each case: epsilon=0.0026 +/- 0.0005 in the mean. This is identified with
the globular cluster formation efficiency. The implication that epsilon might
have had a universal value is supported by data on the GCSs of 97 early-type
galaxies, on the GCS of the Milky Way, and on the ongoing formation of open
clusters. These results have specific implications for some issues in GCS and
galaxy formation, and they should serve as a strong constraint on more general
theories of star and cluster formation.Comment: 36 pages with 11 figures; accepted for publication in The
Astronomical Journa
- …