7 research outputs found
Comparative study of osteogenic activity of multilayers made of synthetic and biogenic polyelectrolytes
Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coatings on biomaterials are applied to tailor adhesion, growth, and function of cells on biomedical implants. Here, biogenic and synthetic polyelectrolytes (PEL) are used for layer-by-layer assembly to study the osteogenic activity of PEM with human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells in a comparative manner. Formation of PEM is achieved with biogenic PEL fibrinogen (FBG) and poly-l-lysine (PLL) as well as biotinylated chondroitin sulfate (BCS) and avidin (AVI), while poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) represent a fully synthetic PEM used as a reference system here. Surface plasmon resonance measurements show highest layer mass for FBG/PLL and similar for PSS/PAH and BCS/AVI systems, while water contact angle and zeta potential measurements indicate larger differences for PSS/PAH and FBG/PLL but not for BCS/AVI multilayers. All PEM systems support cell adhesion and growth and promote osteogenic differentiation as well. However, FBG/PLL layers are superior regarding MG-63 cell adhesion during short-term culture, while the BCS/AVI system increases alkaline phosphatase activity in long-term culture. Particularly, a multilayer system based on affinity interaction like BCS/AVI may be useful for controlled presentation of biotinylated growth factors to promote growth and differentiation of cells for biomedical applications
Effect of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Assembled on Ordered Nanostructures on Adhesion of Human Fibroblasts
Nanosphere lithography (NSL) and the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique are combined here for the first time to design a flexible system to achieve nanotopographical control of cell adhesion. NSL is used-to generate regular patterns of tetrahedral gold nanodots of different size and distance. Besides the change in topography, LbL is used to generate a polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) system consisting of heparin (HEP) and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) on top of the gold dots. The localized formation of PEM on gold dots is achieved by prior passivation of the surrounding silicon or glass surface. Properties of PEM are changed by adjusting the pH value of HEP solution to either acidic or alkaline values. Studies with human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) reveal that cells spread to a higher extent on PEM formed at pH 5.0 in dependence on the structure dimension. Further, filopodia formation is highly increased in cells on nanostructures exhibiting HEP as a terminal layer. The new system offers a great potential to guide stem cell differentiation in the future owing to its high degree of chemical and topographical heterogeneity
Effect of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Assembled on Ordered Nanostructures on Adhesion of Human Fibroblasts
Nanosphere lithography
(NSL) and the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique
are combined here for the first time to design a flexible system to
achieve nanotopographical control of cell adhesion. NSL is used to
generate regular patterns of tetrahedral gold nanodots of different
size and distance. Besides the change in topography, LbL is used to
generate a polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) system consisting of heparin
(HEP) and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) on top of the gold dots. The
localized formation of PEM on gold dots is achieved by prior passivation
of the surrounding silicon or glass surface. Properties of PEM are
changed by adjusting the pH value of HEP solution to either acidic
or alkaline values. Studies with human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) reveal
that cells spread to a higher extent on PEM formed at pH 5.0 in dependence
on the structure dimension. Further, filopodia formation is highly
increased in cells on nanostructures exhibiting HEP as a terminal
layer. The new system offers a great potential to guide stem cell
differentiation in the future owing to its high degree of chemical
and topographical heterogeneity
Nanoscaled Surface Patterns Influence Adhesion and Growth of Human Dermal Fibroblasts
In general, there is a need for passivation
of nanopatterned biomaterial
surfaces if cells are intended to interact only with a feature of
interest. For this reason self-assembled monolayers (SAM), varying
in chain length, are used; they are highly effective in preventing
protein adsorption or cell adhesion. In addition, a simple and cost-effective
technique to design nanopatterns of various sizes and distances, the
so-called nanosphere lithography (NSL), is discussed, which allows
the control of cell adhesion and growth depending on the feature dimensions.
Combining both techniques results in highly selective nanostructured
surfaces, showing that single proteins selectively adsorb on activated
nanopatterns. Additionally, adhesion and growth of normal human dermal
fibroblasts (NHDF) is strongly affected by the nanostructure dimensions,
and it is proven that fibronectin (FN) matrix formation of these cells
is influenced, too. Moreover, the FN fibrils are linked to the hexagonally
close-packed nanopatterns. As a result, the system presented here
can be applied in tissue engineering and implant design due to the
fact that the nanopattern dimensions give rise to further modifications
and allow the introduction of chemical heterogeneity to guide stem
cell differentiation in the future
Introduction of Laser Interference Lithography to Make Nanopatterned Surfaces for Fundamental Studies on Stem Cell Response
The
extracellular matrix (ECM) is a nanostructured environment
that provides chemical, mechanical, and topographical stimuli for
various cellular functions. Here, we introduce the application of
laser interference lithography (LIL) to generate hexagonally arranged
gold nanostructures of three different dimensions on silicon to study
the effect of feature dimensions on human adipose-derived stem cells
(hADSC) in terms of adhesion, growth, and differentiation. Self-assembled
monolayers (SAM) were used to passivate the background silicon surface
with a long-chain polyethylene glycol (PEG), whereas the gold nanostructures
were activated with mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUDA) to direct protein
adsorption and cell adhesive structures to them, only. It was possible
to show that the size and distance of the nanostructures affected
the spreading of hADSC with a decrease of cell size with the increase
of feature dimensions, which corresponded also to the expression of
focal adhesions and presence of the small GTPase RhoA. Effects of
these early events, related to outside-in signal transduction, were
visible by an enhanced cell growth on smaller feature dimensions and
distinct effects on cell differentiation. Because of the precise control
of chemical and topographical cues, the presented system offers great
potential to study effects of material topography on stem cell behavior,
which may pave the way for applications in tailoring surfaces of implants
and tissue engineering scaffolds