The Possibility of Noticing the Cyclists Based on Reflective Effect of the Elements on the Bicycle Pedals

The article presents the results of the research describing the changes of bicycle pedal angle relative to the ground, depending on the bicycle crank setting, and the impact of these parameters on detecting the reflective effect emitted by the reflective elements mounted on the bicycle pedals. The results of the road tests determining the cyclist detecting by a car driver, when bicycle is equipped only with bicycle pedals, reflective lights, illuminated with car′s passing lights are also presented. The research described in this article has been carried out for the purpose of reviewing the causes of traffic accidents, occurring at night, in the areas not illuminated by the street lights, in which the cyclists using defective bicycles (according to the regulations) took part

DESIGN AND DYNAMICS MODELING FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE

This paper descript software for vehicle simulation and mathematical models that describe the motion of the vehicle. A dynamic simulation model of vehicle was developed using Matlab/Simulink and SimDriveline toolbox. The model has a configurable structure that is suitable to simu-lation with multiple levels. The powertrain system model developed using Simulink and SimDrivline could also be used as a generic, modular and fle-xible vehicle modeling platform to support the integration of powertrain design and control system optimization

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ROLLER BEARING

The aim of this paper is to detail the creation of a large tapered roller bearing model with flexible body cages in the Adams program suite for subsequent dynamic analysis and to obtain information about kinematic and dynamic relationships of steel and plastic cages under various operating conditions. The bearing model was made to closely resemble its real-life counterpart, which allows us to estimate load conditions, dynamic conditions of individual bearing parts and interactions between them

MODELING OF FLOW AND TEMPERATURE FIELD IN AN ECONOMIZER

This article deals with the economizer as one of the main parts of a boiler. Economizers and air heaters perform a key function in providing high overall boiler thermal efficiency by recovering the low level energy from the flue gas before it is exhausted to the atmosphere. The most common and reliable economizer design is the bare-tube, in-line, cross-flow type. To reduce capital costs, most boiler manufacturers build economizers with a variety of designs to enhance the controlling gas-side heat transfer rate. From this point of view it creates a lack for an investigation and modeling of these parts

Application of a Transportation Flux for Determining Qualitative Indices

A method of using the transportation flux of a manufacturing system for determining its qualitative parameters has been presented. Those subjects were discussed in many papers [1 - 4], however the presented method may be used for a preliminary determination of functionality of manufacturing system parameters when, as a consequence of its modernization a change in equipment of a certain section or a replacement of individual devices was planned. Such actions cause a necessity to determine the system's operating efficiency and reliability after changing parameters as well as the impact of working processes on the product quality. Such actions were conducted as a result of performed research works no. KBN nr 8 T07 D 034 21 [5]

Modeling and Exploitation Load Tests of the Suspended Route Slings Caused by Passage of the Locomotive at Various Speed along Mining Excavation

Despite the fact that suspended monorails have been used in the mining industry for over 50 years it is necessary to continue research on the possibilities of increasing the unit mass of the transported load or the speed of people transport. The first step is to establish the exact dynamic load of suspended route’ elements and compare this value with easy to calculation static load. The objective of the research was to determine the influence of speed and direction of travel on maximum load force applied to the sling of the route in mining excavation. The research results indicated that the speed of 2 ms−1 does not significantly influence the load on the sling. Theoretical hypothesis, stating that the estimation of the force value in the sling ought to be performed using projecting on a surface perpendicular to the route was confirmed. It was also proven that in order to characterize the geometry of the sling as well as a precise analysis of its load it is necessary to employ the length and the angle of the chain in relation to the above mentioned surface. Upon employing statistical analysis of the test results, the maximum dynamic effect of the locomotive passing was determined to be 20.1 ± 2.5% of the value of the calculated static load for all slings, projected onto a plane perpendicular to the route. For a single sling, mounted on a test route section inclined at an angle of about 10°, the increase in force due to the passage of the locomotive was up to 21.0% of the static load for this sling

Fractographic Assessment and FEM Energy Analysis of the Penetrability of a 6061-T Aluminum Ballistic Panel by a Fragment Simulating Projectile

In aviation and light vehicles, aluminum plates are often used instead of heavy shields as ballistic shields. The standard shrapnel was used in the analysis due to the fact that under hazardous conditions, the shrapnel destruction occurs more often than directly with a bullet. Analyses were performed in which the initial velocity and the angle of impact were the variables. The material of the aluminum plate (ballistic shield) with a thickness of 1 mm was divided into three-dimensional C3D4 tetragonal elements. The calculations were performed using the Johnson-Cook model for the impact at an adjustable velocity from 25 m/s to 55 m/s every 10 m/s and impact angle set between 0° and 45° in increments of 15°. Stress maps that allow observation of the plate degradation areas were placed in the plate. It was found that the penetration of the ballistic panel by the fragment under simulated conditions occurs at the initial velocity of this fragment greater than 25 m/s. The fragment simulating a projectile, hitting at a velocity of 35 m/s at an angle of not more than 15° perforates this panel. At an impact velocity of 45 m/s, perforation occurred at an impact angle of up to 30°. A further increase of the fragment’ velocity of impact on the plate resulted in its perforation even at the greatest impact angle

Finite Elements Strenght Analysis of a Compressor Consisting of Four Helical Rotors

The present article reports the results of tests of a compressor consisting of four helical rotors. Finite element strength analysis of rotors with varied screw thread pitch was performed. The analysis allowed us to determine the stress-strain state of the rotor material and deformation of rotors as an effect of loads generated during operation of the compressor. The analysis also made it possible to calculate the frequencies of the free vibrations of the rotors

CONTROL OF THE PROCESS OF SCREWING IN THE INDUSTRIAL SCREWDRIVERS

The article presents the results of research on the original screwdriver for industrial applications in the event of the need to obtain the value of tightening torque in narrower tolerances. The operating of the screwdriver is supervised by the control program, which has algorithms implemented for selecting the operating mode. The program also allows archiving operating parameters and visualization of on-line characteristics of screwing. The results allowing to verify the adequacy of the mathematical model of screwdriver operation with actual operating conditions are also presented

Mechanical system detector of weight in motion system

The multi-sensor and mechanical WIM systems were characterised. The assumption of the necessity of simultaneous analysis of vehicles types (by number of wheels, e.g. two-wheelers, four wheelers, etc.) participating in traffic, was made. This type of analysis involves not only the measurement of vehicle weight but also qualitative detection. Such data are mainly collected and analysed in urban traffic, in which information on traffic volume, lane occupancy or the number of vehicles waiting to enter an intersection are important to ensure continuous, smooth traffic flow. This article presents a design of a WIM system in which the detector is a beam with Bragg grating optical fibre sensors glued on it. Four cases of beam load were determined, due to its strength and the ability to register deformations. The strength analysis of the beam was carried out with the help of MES and its shape was optimised