Kortlægning af og virkemiddelkatalog for luftforurening fra trafik i Region Hovedstaden

Region Hovedstaden har en målsætning om at reducere støj og luftforurening fra vejtransport frem mod 2025. På den baggrund igangsatte Region Hovedstaden en kortlægning af støj og luftforurening fra trafik, og en undersøgelse af forskellige virkemidler til at reducere støj- og luftforurening. Projektet har været ledet af COWI, som står for støjdelen, mens DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi står for luftdelen udført af Institut for Miljøvidenskab ved Aarhus Universitet. Kortlægning af luftforureningen i Region Hovedstaden er baseret på eksisterende luftkvalitetsmodeller og målinger fra det nationale måleprogram for luftkvalitet. Koncentrationsniveauer sammenlignes med EU’s grænseværdier for luftkvalitet og verdenssundhedsorganisationen WHO’s retningslinjer for luftkvalitet. Endvidere gennemføres en kildeopgørelse, som opsummerer, hvor meget de enkelte emissionssektorer herunder vejtransport bidrager til den samlede emission og til luftkvaliteten. Helbredseffekter og tilhørende samfundsmæssige omkostninger af luftforureningen beregnes også. Beregningerne er fortaget for 2014 og 2025. En lang række virkemidler for vejtransport er gennemgået med henblik på at kvantificere effekten i forhold til luftforurening. Virkemidler omfatter bl.a. skærpede miljøzoner i de større byer, øget andel af elektriske transportmidler, vej- og trængselsafgifter samt alternative drivmidler

A Sound Approach to Language Matters: In Honor of Ocke-Schwen Bohn

The contributions in this Festschrift were written by Ocke’s current and former PhD-students, colleagues and research collaborators. The Festschrift is divided into six sections, moving from the smallest building blocks of language, through gradually expanding objects of linguistic inquiry to the highest levels of description - all of which have formed a part of Ocke’s career, in connection with his teaching and/or his academic productions: “Segments”, “Perception of Accent”, “Between Sounds and Graphemes”, “Prosody”, “Morphology and Syntax” and “Second Language Acquisition”. Each one of these illustrates a sound approach to language matters

Using Polarized Spectroscopy to Investigate Order in Thin-Films of Ionic Self-Assembled Materials Based on Azo-Dyes

Three series of ionic self-assembled materials based on anionic azo-dyes and cationic benzalkonium surfactants were synthesized and thin films were prepared by spin-casting. These thin films appear isotropic when investigated with polarized optical microscopy, although they are highly anisotropic. Here, three series of homologous materials were studied to rationalize this observation. Investigating thin films of ordered molecular materials relies to a large extent on advanced experimental methods and large research infrastructure. A statement that in particular is true for thin films with nanoscopic order, where X-ray reflectometry, X-ray and neutron scattering, electron microscopy and atom force microscopy (AFM) has to be used to elucidate film morphology and the underlying molecular structure. Here, the thin films were investigated using AFM, optical microscopy and polarized absorption spectroscopy. It was shown that by using numerical method for treating the polarized absorption spectroscopy data, the molecular structure can be elucidated. Further, it was shown that polarized optical spectroscopy is a general tool that allows determination of the molecular order in thin films. Finally, it was found that full control of thermal history and rigorous control of the ionic self-assembly conditions are required to reproducibly make these materials of high nanoscopic order. Similarly, the conditions for spin-casting are shown to be determining for the overall thin film morphology, while molecular order is maintained