Community Health Workers and Promotores in California

Provides an overview of, and describes the challenges facing, the emerging workforce of public health professionals who carry out a variety of health promotion, case management, and service delivery activities at the community level

Trichlorido[(meth­yl{2-[meth­yl(2-pyridyl­meth­yl)amino]eth­yl}amino)acetonitrile]iron(III) methanol hemisolvate

The title compound, [FeCl3(C12H18N4)]·0.5CH3OH, contains an FeIII ion in a distorted octa­hedral coordination environment. The neutral N,N′,N′′-tridentate ligand adopts a fac coordination mode, and chloride ligands lie trans to each of the three coordinated N atoms. In the crystal, the complexes form columns extending parallel to the approximate local threefold axes of the FeN3Cl3 octa­hedra, and the columns are arranged so that the uncoordinated nitrile groups align in an anti­parallel manner and the pyridyl rings form offset face-to-face arrangements [inter­planar separations = 2.95 (1) and 3.11 (1) Å; centroid–centroid distances = 5.31 (1) and 4.92 (1) Å]. The methanol solvent mol­ecule is disordered about a twofold rotation axis

2-Carbamylpyridinium tetra­chlorido­ferrate(III)

The title compound, (C6H7N2O)[FeCl4], contains two carbamylpyridinium (picolinamidinium) cations, which are linked into chains by N+—H⋯O hydrogen bonds formed between protonated pyridyl N atoms and carbonyl groups. Tetra­chloridoferrate(III) anions lie between these chains, accepting N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds from both H atoms of the picolinamidium –NH2 group

The Framing Effects of Professionalism: Is There a Lawyer Cast of Mind? Lessons from Compliance Programs

Professionals working inside companies may bring with them frames of mind set by their professional experience and socialization. Lawyers, in particular, are said to think like a lawyer -to have a lawyer cast of mind. In seeking power within a company and in exercising the power that they obtain, professionals may draw on their professional background to frame, name, diagnose, and prescribe a remedy for the company\u27s problems. In making decisions about their compliance with the law, companies are constrained not only by their environment, but also by their agents\u27 understanding of whose (or what) interests the company should serve. In particular, compliance managers\u27 understandings will frame and influence their companies\u27 calculations of the value, benefits, and costs of compliance activities. The profession of the compliance manager then may influence how the company complies with the law. This Article uses data from a survey of 999 large Australian businesses to examine the professional background of the person in charge of compliance and (1) how they analyze the costs, benefits and risks of non-compliance; and (2) their company\u27s structures and practices of compliance. Contrary to our hypotheses, we find that the professional background of the individual responsible for compliance has little impact on a company\u27s compliance management structures and practices or assessment of stakeholders. The exceptions are that having a lawyer in charge of compliance is associated with the company\u27s perception of heightened legal risk; and where the person in charge of compliance is a lawyer, the company compliance efforts will be marked by manuals and training programs, but not more fulsome compliance structures, which are present when a compliance specialist leads the department. Unfortunately, our data also reveals that these compliance structures are generally merely formal-and likely largely symbolic

The Framing Effects of Professionalism: Is There a Lawyer Cast of Mind? Lessons from Compliance Programs

Professionals working inside companies may bring with them frames of mind set by their professional experience and socialization. Lawyers, in particular, are said to think like a lawyer -to have a lawyer cast of mind. In seeking power within a company and in exercising the power that they obtain, professionals may draw on their professional background to frame, name, diagnose, and prescribe a remedy for the company\u27s problems. In making decisions about their compliance with the law, companies are constrained not only by their environment, but also by their agents\u27 understanding of whose (or what) interests the company should serve. In particular, compliance managers\u27 understandings will frame and influence their companies\u27 calculations of the value, benefits, and costs of compliance activities. The profession of the compliance manager then may influence how the company complies with the law. This Article uses data from a survey of 999 large Australian businesses to examine the professional background of the person in charge of compliance and (1) how they analyze the costs, benefits and risks of non-compliance; and (2) their company\u27s structures and practices of compliance. Contrary to our hypotheses, we find that the professional background of the individual responsible for compliance has little impact on a company\u27s compliance management structures and practices or assessment of stakeholders. The exceptions are that having a lawyer in charge of compliance is associated with the company\u27s perception of heightened legal risk; and where the person in charge of compliance is a lawyer, the company compliance efforts will be marked by manuals and training programs, but not more fulsome compliance structures, which are present when a compliance specialist leads the department. Unfortunately, our data also reveals that these compliance structures are generally merely formal-and likely largely symbolic

Die malerische Ausstattung des Privathauses von Robert von Langer in Haidhausen

The subject of the study is the major work of the artist Robert von Langer - the lost frescoes of his Haidhausen villa. On the basis of existing black-and-white-photographs and numerous preparatory sketches, it has been possible to reconstruct both, the frescoes and the artist's own work processes. In accordance with the formal, chronological and thematic reconstruction, Robert von Langer decorated in the years 1826 to 1828 the sala terrena of his villa with a series of frescoes describing the basic themes of poetry and love, of which were "Apollo and the muses", "Homer" and "Dante" the main pictures. The main frescoes were accompanied by a frieze of little cupids and additional scenes from classical mythology and epic poetry. The iconographic and iconologic studies lead to the conclusion that the frescoes were thought as an artistic and aesthetic counterpart to the frescoes in the Glypothek, which were made by the Nazarene artist Peter Cornelius. By consulting the contemporary art criticism, extensive correspondances and aesthetic writings of the time, the work has been linked to the aesthetic discourses of classicism and Nazarene art in this study. Despite concessions to the ideas of the Nazarenes, the frescoes reflected, in form and content, the ideals of late classicism. Additionally, the frescoes documented the late classicism at the same time as the Nazarenes, despite differing in their ideals. The frescoes in the villa of Robert von Langer make an important contribution to the research of the late classicism and can be referred to as a counterpart to the ideals of nazarene art.Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht das Hauptwerk des klassizistischen Künstlers Robert von Langer – die verloren gegangene malerische Ausstattung seines Privathauses in Haidhausen. Auf der Grundlage noch existierender Schwarzweißfotografien und zahlreicher Vorzeichnungen konnte sowohl der Freskenzyklus rekonstruiert als auch die Arbeitsweise des Künstlers nachvollzogen werden. Entsprechend der formalen, chronologischen und inhaltlichen Rekonstruktion stattete Robert von Langer zwischen 1826 und 1828 den Gartensaal seines Privathauses mit einem Freskenzyklus zu den Grundthemen der Poesie und Liebe aus. Die Hauptfresken zeigten "Apollo und die Musen", "Homer" und "Dante". Ein Lünettenfries mit Eroten und Szenen aus antiker Mythologie und epischer Dichtung begleiteten die Hauptfresken. Die ikonographische und ikonologische Untersuchung ergab, daß die Fresken von Robert von Langer als künstlerische und kunsttheoretische Gegenposition zu den Glyptotheksfresken des Nazareners Peter Cornelius entworfen wurden. Mit Hilfe der zeitgenössischen Kunstkritik, umfangreicher Korrespondenz und kunsttheoretischen Schriften wurde das Werk in den ästhetischen Diskurs zwischen Klassizismus und Nazarenern eingebunden. Obwohl im Werk geringfügige Zugeständnisse an die nazarenische Kunstströmung erfolgten, reflektierten die Fresken stilistisch und inhaltlich die Kunstauffassung des von Winckelmann inspirierten späten Klassizismus. Weiterhin dokumentierte der Freskenzyklus den späten Klassizismus als eine zeitlich parallele, aber in der Auffassung zu den Nazarenern deutlich divergierende Strömung. Die malerische Ausstattung des Privathauses Robert von Langers kann daher als wichtiger Beitrag zur Erforschung des späten Klassizismus und als Gegenposition zum nazarenischen Kunstideal herangezogen werden

Phosphorus cycling by stream biofilms exposed to continuous and episodic loading patterns

Anthropogenic activities have led to nutrient enrichment of streams, causing eutrophication of water bodies on a global scale. Eutrophication is frequently tied to an excessive influx of phosphorus (P); a crucial nutrient that often limits productivity in freshwater ecosystems. Strategies for tackling eutrophication increasingly rely on watershed models, which predict when and how much P is carried from land to water bodies. However, some watershed models overlook the in-stream cycling of P, potentially hindering eutrophication management by miscalculating P loads to waterbodies. Stream biofilms may play an important role in P cycling through P retention and transformation. However, understanding of these processes within biofilms is limited, particularly in the context of continuous (i.e., point source) and episodic (i.e., non-point source) P delivery patterns to streams. To address the knowledge gap in P cycling by stream biofilms, I investigated the potential of stream biofilms to act as P sinks and reactors under continuous and episodic loading patterns. This was achieved through a 25-day experiment in artificial streams using three treatment levels of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) loading: 1) unenriched – a constant 10 μg P/L concentration; 2) episodically enriched – a constant 10 μg P/L concentration with a 48-hour pulse of 400 μg P/L; and 3) continuously enriched – a constant 40 μg P/L concentration. The study aimed to compare patterns of P transformation, retention, and uptake amongst these loading patterns. Results showed that approximately 15% of the SRP load was retained within the biofilm across all loading patterns. 75% of the SRP load was transformed into different P forms under unenriched and continuously enriched patterns. In contrast, the episodically enriched biofilms transformed 60% of the SRP load. The biofilms’ ability to transform and uptake P decreased during the second day of the pulse, suggesting that the extended duration and high concentration of the pulse overwhelmed the biofilms in the episodic loading pattern. Stream biofilms demonstrated potential to act as both P reactors and P sinks and may help to delay P loads and reduce P bioavailability in downstream ecosystems. However, the ability of stream biofilms to transform P delivered in an episodic loading pattern may be reduced compared to continuous loading patterns, depending on the concentration and duration of the pulse. Maximizing P transformation by stream biofilms could involve delivering P in a continuous rather than an episodic loading pattern where feasible. Integrating biofilm P cycling into watershed models could prove beneficial, but its impact might vary depending on modeled time scales and P species. This research highlights the influence of biofilms on nutrient dynamics in stream ecosystems and emphasizes the need for their inclusion in ecosystem management strategies

Moving Beyond Smile Sheets: A Case Study on the Evaluation and Iterative Improvement of an Online Faculty Development Program

Institutions of higher education are struggling to meet the growing demand for online courses and programs, partly because many faculty lack experience teaching online. The eCampus Quality Instruction Program (eQIP) is an online faculty development program developed to train faculty to design and teach fully online courses. The purpose of this article is to describe the eQIP (one institution’s multipronged approach to online faculty development), with a specific focus on how the overall success of the program is evaluated using surveys, analytics, and social network analysis. Reflections and implications for improving practice are discussed

Exploring protocol bias in airway microbiome studies: one versus two PCR steps and 16S rRNA gene region V3 V4 versus V4

Background Studies on the airway microbiome have been performed using a wide range of laboratory protocols for high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene. We sought to determine the impact of number of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) steps (1- or 2- steps) and choice of target marker gene region (V3 V4 and V4) on the presentation of the upper and lower airway microbiome. Our analyses included lllumina MiSeq sequencing following three setups: Setup 1 (2-step PCR; V3 V4 region), Setup 2 (2-step PCR; V4 region), Setup 3 (1-step PCR; V4 region). Samples included oral wash, protected specimen brushes and protected bronchoalveolar lavage (healthy and obstructive lung disease), and negative controls. Results The number of sequences and amplicon sequence variants (ASV) decreased in order setup1 > setup2 > setup3. This trend appeared to be associated with an increased taxonomic resolution when sequencing the V3 V4 region (setup 1) and an increased number of small ASVs in setups 1 and 2. The latter was considered a result of contamination in the two-step PCR protocols as well as sequencing across multiple runs (setup 1). Although genera Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella and Rothia dominated, differences in relative abundance were observed across all setups. Analyses of beta-diversity revealed that while oral wash samples (high biomass) clustered together regardless of number of PCR steps, samples from the lungs (low biomass) separated. The removal of contaminants identified using the Decontam package in R, did not resolve differences in results between sequencing setups. Conclusions Differences in number of PCR steps will have an impact of final bacterial community descriptions, and more so for samples of low bacterial load. Our findings could not be explained by differences in contamination levels alone, and more research is needed to understand how variations in PCR-setups and reagents may be contributing to the observed protocol bias.publishedVersio