Ultra Wideband for Shipyard 5.0 Indoor Gantry Crane High-Precision Positioning

Cursos e Congresos, C-155[Abstract] The shipyard of the future, called Shipyard 5.0, is a highly technological environment where real-time monitoring of products, by-products and transport vehicles is crucial. Among the technologies able to locate such elements indoors, Ultra Wideband (UWB) is a good option for providing accurate positioning. However, the use of UWB in shipyards faces challenges due to interference from metallic objects, which impacts its accuracy. To validate the use of UWB in a shipyard, this paper presents tests that were carried out in workshops that Navantia owns in Ferrol’s estuary, where UWB tags were placed on a gantry crane hook. The presented results show the performance of the system when locating the hook in 3D and the impact of attaching multiple tags to the hook to harness signal diversity. Specifically, a relatively lowerror is obtained when estimating only the height of the gantry crane hook (approximately 1 m), while the threedimensional positioning error reached an error of between 2 and 3m for the z-axisXunta de Galicia; IN853C 2022/01Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2020/15This work has been funded by CITIC that is funded by the Xunta de Galicia through the collaboration agreement between the Consellería de Cultura, Educación, Formación Profesional e Universidades and the Galician universities for the reinforcement of the research centres of the Galician University System (CIGUS), by the Xunta de Galicia (by grant ED431C 2020/15), and by grant PID2020-118857RA-100 (ORBALLO) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. In addition, this work has been supported by Xunta de Galicia through Axencia Galega de Innovación (GAIN) by grant IN853C 2022/01, Centro Mixto de Investigaci ón UDC-NAVANTIA “O estaleiro do futuro”, which is ongoing until the end of September 2025. The support was inherited from both the starting and consolidation stages of the same project throughout 2015- 2018 and 2018-2021, respectively. This stage is also co-funded by ERDF funds from the EU in the framework of program FEDER Galicia 2021-202

A Bluetooth 5 Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Vehicular Scenarios

[Abstract]: The limitations of many IoT devices in terms of storage, computing power and energy consumption require them to be connected to other devices when performing computationally intensive tasks, as happens with IoT systems based on edge computing architectures. However, the lack of wireless connectivity in the places where IoT nodes are deployed or through which they move is still a problem. One of the solutions to mitigate this problem involves using opportunistic networks, which provide connectivity and processing resources efficiently while reducing the communications traffic with remote clouds. Thus, opportunistic networks are helpful in situations when wireless communication coverage is not available, as occurs in certain rural areas, during natural disasters, in wars or when other factors cause network disruptions, as well as in other IoT scenarios in which the cloud becomes saturated (for example, due to an excessive amount of concurrent communications or when denial-of-service (DoS) attacks occur). This article presents the design and initial validation of a novel opportunistic edge computing (OEC) system based on Bluetooth 5 and the use of low-cost single-board computers (SBCs). After describing the proposed OEC system, experimental results are presented for a real opportunistic vehicular IoT scenario. Specifically, the latency and packet loss are measured thanks to the use of an experimental testbed made of two separate IoT networks (each conformed by an IoT node and an OEC gateway): one located in a remote office and another one inside a moving vehicle, which was driven at different vehicular speeds. The obtained results show average latencies ranging from 716 to 955 ms with packet losses between 7% and 27%. As a result, the developed system is useful for providing opportunistic services to moving IoT nodes with relatively low latency requirements.Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2020/15Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/01Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; PID2020-118857RA-I0

A Bluetooth 5 Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Vehicular Scenarios

The limitations of many IoT devices in terms of storage, computing power and energy consumption require them to be connected to other devices when performing computationally intensive tasks, as happens with IoT systems based on edge computing architectures. However, the lack of wireless connectivity in the places where IoT nodes are deployed or through which they move is still a problem. One of the solutions to mitigate this problem involves using opportunistic networks, which provide connectivity and processing resources efficiently while reducing the communications traffic with remote clouds. Thus, opportunistic networks are helpful in situations when wireless communication coverage is not available, as occurs in certain rural areas, during natural disasters, in wars or when other factors cause network disruptions, as well as in other IoT scenarios in which the cloud becomes saturated (for example, due to an excessive amount of concurrent communications or when denial-of-service (DoS) attacks occur). This article presents the design and initial validation of a novel opportunistic edge computing (OEC) system based on Bluetooth 5 and the use of low-cost single-board computers (SBCs). After describing the proposed OEC system, experimental results are presented for a real opportunistic vehicular IoT scenario. Specifically, the latency and packet loss are measured thanks to the use of an experimental testbed made of two separate IoT networks (each conformed by an IoT node and an OEC gateway): one located in a remote office and another one inside a moving vehicle, which was driven at different vehicular speeds. The obtained results show average latencies ranging from 716 to 955 ms with packet losses between 7% and 27%. As a result, the developed system is useful for providing opportunistic services to moving IoT nodes with relatively low latency requirements

Practical Latency Analysis of a Bluetooth 5 Decentralized IoT Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Low-Cost SBCs

IoT devices can be deployed almost anywhere, but they usually need to be connected to other IoT devices, either through the Internet or local area networks. For such communications, many IoT devices make use of wireless communications, whose coverage is key: if no coverage is available, an IoT device becomes isolated. This can happen both indoors (e.g., large buildings, industrial warehouses) or outdoors (e.g., rural areas, cities). To tackle such an issue, opportunistic networks can be useful, since they use gateways to provide services to IoT devices when they are in range (i.e., IoT devices take the opportunity of having a nearby gateway to exchange data or to use a computing service). Moreover, opportunistic networks can provide Edge Computing capabilities, thus creating Opportunistic Edge Computing (OEC) systems, which deploy smart gateways able to perform certain tasks faster than a remote Cloud. This article presents a novel decentralized OEC system based on Bluetooth 5 IoT nodes whose latency is evaluated to determine the feasibility of using it in practical applications. The obtained results indicate that, for the selected scenario, the average end-to-end latency is relatively low (736 ms), but it is impacted by factors such as the location of the bootstrap node, the smart gateway hardware or the use of high-security mechanisms