MANIPULAÇÃO E COMPARAÇÃO DE ELASTÔMEROS NA DISCIPLINA DE MATERIAIS DENTÁRIOS

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MANIPULAÇÃO E COMPARAÇÃO DE ELASTÔMEROS NA DISCIPLINA DE MATERIAIS DENTÁRIOS

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Studies'of'efficacy'and'adverse'effects'on'toothbrushing

Sabe-se que o controle do biofilme supragengival por meio da escovação dentária é fundamental para prevenção de gengivite e cárie dentária. Entretanto, a literatura ainda é escassa quanto a características de um modelo de escova manual ideal, que seja t.1o efetiva no controle de placa, quanto segura. O objetivo desta dissertação foi avaliar a eficácia de duas escovas manuais na remoção do biofilme supragengival, bem como investigar a relação entre dureza de cerdas e formato da ponta de escovas manuais quanto a efeitos adversos da escovação. Esta dissertação é compost.'l por dois estudos, um ensaio clínico randomizado (ECR) e uma revisão sistemática da literatura. O ECR comparou a eficácia na remoção de biofilme supragengival de duas escovas macias em 70 voluntários que foram randomizados para os grupos Colgate SlimSoft ou Curaprox CS5460. O exame de placa por meio do Índice de Placa da Marinha, modificado por Rustogi foi realizado no momento inicial pré- e pósescovação supervisionada por 1 minuto, bem como após 7 dias de utilização da escova e dentifrício fornecidos. A escova SlimSoft apresentou uma maior redução de escores de placa interproximais e de boca toda, tanto na pós-escovação inicial (p<O.OS), quanto após 7 dias, em que houve um incremento na redução de placa dessas áreas, quando comparado a escova Curaprox (p<O.OS). Assim, a escova SlimSoft apresentou uma maior eficácia para remoção do biofilme supragengival quando comparada à Curaprox. A revisão sistemática da literatura investigou se a dureza e a ponta das cerdas de escovas manuais estão associadas com efeitos adversos da escovação. Para isso, três bancos de dados eletrônicos foram acessados utilizado uma estratégia de busca pré-estabelecida. Dois pesquisadores analisaram a inclusão dos títulos, resumos, leitura completa e extração de dados dos artigos e, se um consenso não fosse possível. um terceiro pesquisador estaria incluído neste processo. De 126 artigos lidos na íntegra, 11 foram elegíveis para inclusão. Cinco estudos analisaram ponta das certas das escovas, dois a dureza e quatro investigaram tanto a ponta da cerda quanto a dureza de escovas. Ainda, quatro estudos apresentaram efeito adverso como desfecho primário. Observou-se mais lesões gengivais quanto maior a dureza das cerdas das escovas. As lesões de recessão gengiva! permaneceram estáveis ao longo do tempo e o número de lesões de abrasão gengiva! foram semelhantes com o uso de escovas macias, tanto com cerdas afiladas, quanto arredondadas. Os estudos que tiveram segurança como desfechos secundários não reportaram efeitos adversos. Assim, sugeriu-se que o uso de escovas macias e extra-macias, independentemente da ponta da cerda, pareceram não apresentar riscos clínicos relevantes para os tecidos moles bucais.Jt is known that toothbrushing is an excellent method for mechanical supragingival biofilm remova! and it is associated with prevention of both gingivitis and dental caries. However, the literature is still scarce regarding the characteristics of an ideal manual toothbrush, which is as effective in plaque contrai as safe. The aim o f this dissertation was to evaluate the efficacy oftwo manual toothbrushes in supragingival biofihn remova), as well as to investigate the relation of bristle stiffness and bristle end-shape with potential adverse effects. The present work is composed of two studies, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a systematic review of the literature. The RCT compared the efficacy in supragingival plaque remova! of two soft-bristle toothbrushes in 70 volunteers that were randomly allocated to the Colgate SlimSoft or Curaprox CS5460 toothbrush groups. Subjects underwent plaque examination using the Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index with pre- and post-brushing examinations under supervision at baseline and after 7 days of daily oral hygiene with their assigned toothbrush and dentifrice provided. The mean plaque score presented a greater reduction of whole-mouth and interproximal plaque scores in the SlimSoft group after a single toothbrushing at baseline (p<O.OS) and after 7 days compared to the Curaprox group (p<O.OS). Thus, the SlimSoft toothbrush presented greater efficacy in supragingival plaque remova) than did the Curaprox CS5460 toothbrush. The systematic review investigated if bristle stiffness and bristle end-shape of manual toothbrushes are associated with toothbrushing adverse effects. Three electronic data bases were searched and a pre-established search strategy was performed. Inclusion of titles, abstracts, full textanalysis and data extraction was dane by two reviewers, and when a consensus was not possible, a third researcher was included in this process. From 126 potentially relevant articles for full-text analysis, only 11 were included. Five studies analyzed toothbrush endendshape, two studies investigated toothbrnsh bristle stiffness and four articles examined both the end-shape and bristle stiffness ofmanual toothbrushes. Moreover, four studies presented safety as a primary outcome. Hard toothbrush appeared to produce more gingival lesions when compared to soft and medium bristles. The majority of gingival recessions remained stable over time and new gingival abrasion lesions were observed with the use of both endrounded and tapered toothbrushes. Nane of the studies that evaluated safety as a secondary outcome presented adverse effects. Thus, soft and extra-soft toothbrushes tended to be safe and both tapered and end-rounded bristles might not present a clinically relevant concern to oral soft tissues

Genotypic similarities and potential pathogenicity of supragingival Prevotella strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients

O objetivo do estudo foi o de investigar a expressão de fatores de virulência (betalactamase, cápsula e hemólise), determinar a suscetibilidade antimicrobiana e as características genotípicas de espécies de Prevotella retiradas da placa supragengival de pacientes com fibrose cística (FC). Para isso, o biofilme supragengival de sete adultos portadores de FC estável foi coletado e imediatamente levado a uma câmara de anaerobiose. As bactérias do gênero Prevotella foram selecionadas para o estudo baseado na sequência 16S rRNA, totalizando uma amostra de 16 diferentes espécies bacterianas de Prevotella. A produção da enzima beta-lactamase foi analisada por meio de uma solução de nitrocefina. A presença de cápsula foi analisada utilizando um microscópio e a capacidade de hemólise verificada utilizando-se ágar sangue. A suscetibilidade antimicrobiana da amostra foi testada para 12 diferentes antibióticos, utilizando-se Etest®. A análise genotípica inter e intra espécie foi realizada através da técnica de Eletroforese em Campo Pulsante. Como resultados, mais de 50% das espécies de Prevotella produziram a enzima beta-lactamase e hemólise e aproximadamente 40% apresentaram cápsula. A amostra testada apresentou resistência antimicrobiana para os antibióticos clindamicina, metronidazol, tetraciclina e tobramicina. Ainda, foram observadas características genotípicas similares em uma análise intra espécie da amostra de Prevotella analisada. Assim, conclui-se que espécies de Prevotella da placa dentária de pacientes com fibrose cística foram capazes de expressarem fatores de virulência, bem como apresentaram resistência antimicrobiana. Ainda, observou-se características genotípicas similares entre a amostra.The aims of the study were to investigate the production of virulence factors (betalactamase, haemolysis and capsule), to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and the genotypic characteristics of Prevotella species from dental plaque of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. For this, supragingival biofilm of seven CF stable patients was collected and immediately placed into the anaerobic cabinet. A PCR reaction was carried out to amplify the 16S rRNA gene and Prevotella species were selected to the study, with a total of 16 different species of Prevotella. Nitrocefin solution was used to identify if Prevotella isolates were capable to produce β-lactamases. The presence of capsules was observed using a microscope and the haemolysis activity analysed using Supplemented Brucella Blood Agar (SBBA). E-tests® were used to test the antimicrobial susceptibility to 12 different antibiotics. Genotypic characteristics intra and inter-species were analysed using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) method. As a result, more than 50% of Prevotella species from dental plaque of CF patients were capable to produce beta-lactamases and haemolysis and approximately 40% of them presented capsules. Furthermore, the isolates were resistant to the antibiotics clindamycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, and tobramycin. The study found closely related genotypic characteristics among Prevotella species, using PFGE method. In conclusion, Prevotella species from dental plaque of CF patients were capable to produce virulence factors and also presented antibiotic resistance. Additionally, some isolates were genetically similar

Efficacy of two mouthwashes with cetylpyridinium chloride : a controlled randomized clinical trial

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-plaque and antigingivitis effects of two mouthwashes containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), in comparison to negative control mouthwash. One hundred and twenty subjects were randomly assigned to study groups: test (0.075% CPC and 0.28% zinc lactate), positive control (0.07% CPC) and negative control mouthwash without CPC. All volunteers were examined by a calibrated examiner for the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (Turesky modification) and Lõe-Silness Gingival Index (GI). Gingival severity was also measured by the percentage of sites with positive gingival bleeding. During six weeks, oral hygiene consisted of brushing twice daily with a toothbrush and toothpaste and rising with their assigned mouthwash. Plaque and gingival parameters were assessed at baseline, after four and six weeks of product use. Statistical analyses were performed separately for plaque and gingival índices, by ANOVA, paired t-test and ANCOVA (a < 0.05). After 4 and 6 weeks, ali mouthwashes groups presented statistically significant reductions in plaque and gingival parameters as compared to baseline. In comparison to the positive control, the test group presented additional reductions in dental plaque of 19.8% and 16.8%, after 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. For Gl, the additional reductions in the test group were 9.7% and 14.3%, at 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. The test group showed additional reduction of 35.3% and 54.5% in the gingival severity, at week 4 and 6, respectively. It is concluded that the mouthwash containing CPC and zinc lactate presents significant anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis effects as compared to positive and negative control mouthwashes

Efficacy of two mouthwashes with cetylpyridinium chloride : a controlled randomized clinical trial

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-plaque and antigingivitis effects of two mouthwashes containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), in comparison to negative control mouthwash. One hundred and twenty subjects were randomly assigned to study groups: test (0.075% CPC and 0.28% zinc lactate), positive control (0.07% CPC) and negative control mouthwash without CPC. All volunteers were examined by a calibrated examiner for the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (Turesky modification) and Lõe-Silness Gingival Index (GI). Gingival severity was also measured by the percentage of sites with positive gingival bleeding. During six weeks, oral hygiene consisted of brushing twice daily with a toothbrush and toothpaste and rising with their assigned mouthwash. Plaque and gingival parameters were assessed at baseline, after four and six weeks of product use. Statistical analyses were performed separately for plaque and gingival índices, by ANOVA, paired t-test and ANCOVA (a < 0.05). After 4 and 6 weeks, ali mouthwashes groups presented statistically significant reductions in plaque and gingival parameters as compared to baseline. In comparison to the positive control, the test group presented additional reductions in dental plaque of 19.8% and 16.8%, after 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. For Gl, the additional reductions in the test group were 9.7% and 14.3%, at 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. The test group showed additional reduction of 35.3% and 54.5% in the gingival severity, at week 4 and 6, respectively. It is concluded that the mouthwash containing CPC and zinc lactate presents significant anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis effects as compared to positive and negative control mouthwashes

Efficacy of two soft-bristle toothbrushes in plaque removal : a randomized controlled trial

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy in supragingival plaque removal of two soft-bristle toothbrushes. Seventy volunteers were allocated randomly to the Colgate SlimSoft or Curaprox CS5460 toothbrush grourps. At baseline appointment, volunteers underwent plaque examination using the Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index. Under supervision, they then brushed their teeth for 1minute with their assigned toothbrushes and the plaque examination was repeated. Volunteers performed daily oral hygiene with their assigned toothbrush and a regular dentifrice provided by the researchers for 7 days. The baseline experimental procedures were then repeated. Separate analyses of variance were performed for the whole-mouth, interproximal, and gumline plaque scores (p < 0.05). No difference in baseline pre-brushing scores was found between groups. After a single toothbrushing, the mean plaque score was significantly reduced in both groups (p < 0.05), with greater reduction of whole-mouth and interproximal plaque scores observed in the SlimSoft group compared with the Curaprox group (p < 0.05). After 7 days, the SlimSoft group showed greater reduction of the whole-mouth and interproximal plaque scores compared with the Curaprox group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the SlimSoft toothbrush presented greater efficacy in supragingival plaque removal than did the Curaprox CS5460 toothbrush, as reflected by whole-mouth and interproximal plaque scores

Efficacy of two soft-bristle toothbrushes in plaque removal: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy in supragingival plaque removal of two soft-bristle toothbrushes. Seventy volunteers were allocated randomly to the Colgate Slim Soft or Curaprox CS5460 toothbrush grourps. At baseline appointment, volunteers underwent plaque examination using the Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index. Under supervision, they then brushed their teeth for 1minute with their assigned toothbrushes and the plaque examination was repeated. Volunteers performed daily oral hygiene with their assigned toothbrush and a regular dentifrice provided by the researchers for 7 days. The baseline experimental procedures were then repeated. Separate analyses of variance were performed for the whole-mouth, interproximal, and gumline plaque scores (p < 0.05). No difference in baseline pre-brushing scores was found between groups. After a single toothbrushing, the mean plaque score was significantly reduced in both groups (p < 0.05), with greater reduction of whole-mouth and interproximal plaque scores observed in the SlimSoft group compared with the Curaprox group (p < 0.05). After 7 days, the SlimSoft group showed greater reduction of the whole-mouth and interproximal plaque scores compared with the Curaprox group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the SlimSoft toothbrush presented greater efficacy in supragingival plaque removal than did the Curaprox CS5460 toothbrush, as reflected by whole-mouth and interproximal plaque scores