Pengaruh Konsumsi Fruktosa pada Minuman Kemasan terhadap Toleransi Glukosa Terganggu pada Kelompok Usia Dewasa Muda di Perkotaan Indonesia

Peningkatan konsumsi minuman kemasan (soft drink/beverages) tampak nyata di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Peningkatan ini terutama terjadi di kelompok usia muda. Konsumsi soft drink/beverages ini berkaitan dengan gangguan metabolik, antara lain obesitas, toleransi glukosa terganggu (TGT) dan diabetes melitus. Hal ini disebabkan penggunaan pemanis tinggi fruktosa (high fructose corn syrup, HFCS). TGT terutama menjadi masalah kesehatan yang cukup serius karena umumnya tidak menunjukkan gejala dan terlambat untuk dideteksi sehingga sering kali telah berprogresi menjadi diabetes mellitus. Terdapat banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya TGT dengan faktor lingkungan menjadi faktor yang lebih dominan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang yang menggunakan data riset kesehatan dasar (RISKESDAS 2007). Analisis data dimulai dari univariat, bivariat dan dilanjutkan dengan multivariat. Ditemukan bahwa prevalensi TGT pada kelompok usia muda di Indonesia adalah 5,7% dan prevelensi pengkonsumsi fruktosa tinggi sebesar 20,5%. Kontribusi konsumsi fruktosa tinggi terhadap kejadian TGT usia muda adalah 24,3%. Secara umum, prevalensi TGT pada usia muda di Indonesia cukup tinggi (melebihi 50% prevalensi di semua umur), dan konsumsi fruktosa memiliki kontribusi yang signifikan dalam terjadinya TGT.Kata kunci: konsumsi fruktosa, indeks fruktosa, TG

A High Distribution of Resistant Pathogens among Critically Ill Neonates from Secondary Referral Hospital of Indonesia

BACKGROUND፡ The spread of resistant pathogens among critically ill neonates has increased in recent years. Therefore, information about the antimicrobial profile and its susceptibility over time helps to select the most appropriate therapy. The study assesses the distribution of resistant pathogens and itssusceptibility among neonates’ patients.METHODS: Eight hundred and eight suspected neonatal infected from January 2011 to December 2019 were recruited anonymously in our retrospective, observational analysis. The study was conducted in the secondary-care level NICU which located on the western border of Jakarta, Indonesia. The MDROsdefinition was define by Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) criteria and standardized international terminology. Microbial identification and susceptibility testing were carried out following standard protocols.RESULTS: Culture positivity was found in 132 (16.3%) with dominating MDR-Gram negative bacteria 47 (61.8%). The most common pathogens were extended-spectrum β-lactamase and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter 18 (38.3%), respectively. There were coagulase negative staphylococci 29 (38.2%) amongMDROs. Most of the Gram negative bacteria were highly susceptible to the combination of cefoperazone/sulbactam (79.6%), amikacin (88.7%), and tigecycline (77.1%). Staphylococcus aureus had a good susceptibility to almost all classes’ antibiotics. Candida isolates showed 100.0% susceptibility to all antifungal classes.CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlighted the microbial profile along with its susceptibility among neonatal patients that able to provide necessary information for antimicrobial guidelines and policies for effective infectious case management

Effect of Jamu X on Blood Glucose Level in Healthy Volunteer

In the line with the government's policy to encourage the save and effective use of traditional medicines, the development of the traditional medicine is impressive today. After passing phases 1 and 2 clinical trials, a medicinal herb can be formally used in health care services. Jamu X has passed the safety and efficacy on preclinical tests. Obviously these data opens possibility to explore the safety and efficacy of the herbs in man.Objective: To find out the pharmacodynamic effect and the effective dose of Jamu X to reduce blood glucose levels following fasting and/or two hours after taking an oral glucose dose of 75 grams in healthy subject.Method: This study used a "before and after" design. Each healthy subject was given the product in 2 dosages in 2 separate periods. The first dose was 1 capsule three times a day for seven days. After a washout period of 2 weeks, the subject was given 1 capsule twice a day for another seven days. The parameters evaluated were the fasting blood glucose and the blood glucose levels at 2 hours after the ingestion of 75g oral glucose.Results: at a dose twice a day over 7 days can significantly reduce the blood glucose levels of healthy subjects. The mean level of fasting glucose reduced 5.2% (p=0.01) and the mean level of 2 hours after taking an oral glucose dose of 75 grams reduced 7.3% (p=0.01).Conclusion: Jamu X reduces blood glucose levels in healthy subject and the reduction in blood glucose levels is dose dependent. Further clinical trials on diabetic patients are required to establish the clinical efficacy and safety of this product as a potential herbal medicine in the management of diabetes mellitus

Candesartan as a tentative treatment for COVID-19: A prospective non-randomized open-label study

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether the addition of candesartan to the standard care regimen improved the outcome in patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A prospective non-randomized open-label study was undertaken from May to August 2020 on 75 subjects (aged 18–70 years) hospitalized in Siloam Kelapa Dua Hospital. Uni- and multi-variable Cox regression analyses were performed to obtain hazard ratios (HRs). The primary outcomes were: (1) length of hospital stay; (2) time to negative swab; and (3) radiological outcome (time to improvement on chest X ray). Results: None of the 75 patients with COVID-19 required intensive care. All patients were angiotensin-receptor-blocker naïve. In comparison with the control group, the candesartan group had a significantly shorter hospital stay [adjusted HR 2.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–5.29] after adjusting for a wide range of confounders, and no increased risk of intensive care. In the non-obese subgroup, the candesartan group had a shorter time to negative swab (unadjusted HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.02–4.36; adjusted HR 2.40, 95% CI 1.08–5.09) and shorter time to improvement in chest x ray (adjusted HR 2.82, 95% CI 1.13–7.03) compared with the control group. Conclusion: Candesartan significantly reduces the length of hospital stay after adjustment for covariates. All primary outcomes improved significantly in the non-obese subgroup receiving candesartan