Experimental Investigations of Liquid Oxygen/Methane Combustion at Very Low Mixture Ratio at the Mascotte Test Facility

International audienceA short test series was run on the Mascotte cryogenic test facility of Onera, with the objective to demonstrate the feasibility of applying several diagnostics to the characterization of liquid oxygen/methane combustion in the range of low mixture ratios typical of gas generator operation. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and emission spectroscopy were used to investigate the gas mixture in the near injector region, while particle sampling was applied to the characterization of soot

Intra-Crater Eruption Dynamics at Nyiragongo (D.R. Congo), 2002–2021

Nyiragongo is one of the rare volcanoes on Earth hosting a lava lake. However, the understanding of its plumbing and lava lake systems remains limited, with, until recently, only sporadic or time-limited historical observations and measurements. Combining dense accurate lava lake and crater floor level measurements based on 1,703 satellite radar images and topographic reconstructions using photogrammetry, we obtain the first reliable picture and time evolution of intra-crater erupted lava volumes between the two last flank eruptions in January 2002 and May 2021. The filling of the crater by lava, initiated in 2002 and continued up to May 2021, is seen as an evidence of a long-term pressure build up of the magmatic system. This filling occurs through irregular pulsatory episodes of rising lava lake level, some of which overflow and solidify on the surrounding crater floor. Pauses of stable molten lava lake level and sudden numerous level drops also marked the summit's eruptive activity. The joint analysis with seismic records available since 2015 revealed that the largest lava lake drops are synchronous with seismic swarms associated with deep magma intrusions, generally preceded by an increase of extrusion rate within the crater. The appearance of a spatter cone in the summit crater in 2016, most likely superficially branched to the lava lake, was a clear marker of the change in eruption dynamics. This first long-term time series of Nyiragongo's crater topography between two hazardous flank eruptions might further help to better decipher Nyiragongo's past and future behavior using multi-parameter observations

Assessment of Translocator Protein Density, as Marker of Neuroinflammation, in Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot, Multicenter, Comparative, Controlled, Brain PET Study (INFLADEP Study)

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious public health problem with high lifetime prevalence (4.4–20%) in the general population. The monoamine hypothesis is the most widespread etiological theory of MDD. Also, recent scientific data has emphasized the importance of immuno-inflammatory pathways in the pathophysiology of MDD. The lack of data on the magnitude of brain neuroinflammation in MDD is the main limitation of this inflammatory hypothesis. Our team has previously demonstrated the relevance of [18F] DPA-714 as a neuroinflammation biomarker in humans. We formulated the following hypotheses for the current study: (i) Neuroinflammation in MDD can be measured by [18F] DPA-714; (ii) its levels are associated with clinical severity; (iii) it is accompanied by anatomical and functional alterations within the frontal-subcortical circuits; (iv) it is a marker of treatment resistance.Methods: Depressed patients will be recruited throughout 4 centers (Bordeaux, Montpellier, Tours, and Toulouse) of the French network from 13 expert centers for resistant depression. The patient population will be divided into 3 groups: (i) experimental group—patients with current MDD (n = 20), (ii) remitted depressed group—patients in remission but still being treated (n = 20); and, (iii) control group without any history of MDD (n = 20). The primary objective will be to compare PET data (i.e., distribution pattern of neuroinflammation) between the currently depressed group and the control group. Secondary objectives will be to: (i) compare neuroinflammation across groups (currently depressed group vs. remitted depressed group vs. control group); (ii) correlate neuroinflammation with clinical severity across groups; (iii) correlate neuroinflammation with MRI parameters for structural and functional integrity across groups; (iv) correlate neuroinflammation and peripheral markers of inflammation across groups.Discussion: This study will assess the effects of antidepressants on neuroinflammation as well as its role in the treatment response. It will contribute to clarify the putative relationships between neuroinflammation quantified by brain neuroimaging techniques and peripheral markers of inflammation. Lastly, it is expected to open innovative and promising therapeutic perspectives based on anti-inflammatory strategies for the management of treatment-resistant forms of MDD commonly seen in clinical practice.Clinical trial registration (reference: NCT03314155): https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03314155?term=neuroinflammation&cond=depression&cntry=FR&rank=

Un panorama de la biblioblogosphère francophone à la fin de 2006

This article presents the results of a study carried out of the thirteen French blogs acknowledged by their authors as being biblioblogs by responding to the following criteria: discussing effectively the profession of librarian, and having at least one article published by month. It addresses notably the questions of style and content, and develops those of anonymity (much discouraged); and the tendency towards auto censorship and consensual generalities of blogs not included in this study

Phenomenon of Nightclub Shots: Mass Psychogenic Disease?

This article examines the possibility that the "nightclub shots" epidemic is a "mass psychogenic disease" phenomenon, by comparing the various cases of "mass sociogenic diseases" reported in the literature. We carried out a literature review on PubMed. The keywords used were "mass hysteria", "mass sociogenic disease", "mass psychogenic disease" and "epidemic of multiple unexplained symptoms". Our review of the literature revealed several elements common to the various "mass hysterias" we identified. These phenomena generally appear in a climate of anxiety specific to the era in which they occur, in this case the fear of bioterrorism in the 21st century. Symptoms are generally benign and transient, appearing and resolving easily without the identification of an organic cause. They usually occur in a small group of individuals, and more frequently in young people and women. The media can exacerbate the phenomenon. The phenomenon of epidemics of nightclub shots seems to fit into the common framework of "mass psychogenic diseases" identified in the literature. This diagnosis could therefore be evoked, in the absence of any other objective somatic explanation

LibWorld - Library blogging worldwide - France

International audienceHistory of french librarian blogs, by 2 french blogging librarians

CasuHAL au service de la science ouverte

International audienceLe club des utilisateurs de l’archive ouverte HAL, CasuHAL, favorise les interactions entre ses membres, et avec HAL

Facteurs pronostiques des infections de prothèses vasculaires (à propos de 57 patients)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF