19,981 research outputs found
An overview of the literature on female-perpetrated adult male sexual victimization
The rape of women has been an issue of concern in research literature for the past 40 years. Conversely, rape against men has only relatively recently received investigation. The current paper reviews the existing research literature regarding male rape and sexual assault, with particular emphasis on female perpetrated male sexual victimization. The review covers issues regarding biased legal definitions, rape myths, feminist theory, and stereotypical or negative beliefs all of which create a problematic social environment for male victims of female perpetrated assault to report crimes. The review also discusses the prevalence of female perpetrated attacks against men, with evidence from self-reports by female sex offenders to highlight the existence of male sexual victimization and the aggressive manner in which the sexual activity is committed. The review concludes that male sexual victimization by women should be taken as seriously as that of women by men
Integral Representations for the Class of Generalized Metaplectic Operators
This article gives explicit integral formulas for the so-called generalized
metaplectic operators, i.e. Fourier integral operators (FIOs) of Schr\"odinger
type, having a symplectic matrix as canonical transformation. These integrals
are over specific linear subspaces of R^d, related to the d x d upper left-hand
side submatrix of the underlying 2d x 2d symplectic matrix. The arguments use
the integral representations for the classical metaplectic operators obtained
by Morsche and Oonincx in a previous paper, algebraic properties of symplectic
matrices and time-frequency tools. As an application, we give a specific
integral representation for solutions to the Cauchy problem of Schr\"odinger
equations with bounded perturbations for every instant time t in R, even in the
so-called caustic points.Comment: 19 pages in Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications, 201
Maximizers for Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities and related non-local problems
In this paper we study the existence of maximizers for two families of
interpolation inequalities, namely a generalized Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality
and a new inequality involving the Riesz energy. Two basic tools in our
argument are a generalization of Lieb's Translation Lemma and a Riesz energy
version of the Br\'ezis--Lieb lemma.Comment: 16 page
Optimal welfare-to-work programs
A Welfare-to-Work (WTW) program is a mix of government expenditures on “passive” (unemployment insurance, social assistance) and “active” (job search monitoring, training, wage taxes/subsidies) labor market policies targeted to the unemployed. This paper provides a dynamic principal-agent framework suitable for analyzing the optimal sequence and duration of the different WTW policies, and the dynamic pattern of payments along the unemployment spell and of taxes/subsidies upon re-employment. First, we show that the optimal program endogenously generates an absorbing policy of last resort (that we call “social assistance”) characterized by a constant lifetime payment and no active participation by the agent. Second, human capital depreciation is a necessary condition for policy transitions to be part of an optimal WTW program. Whenever training is not optimally provided, we show that the typical sequence of policies is quite simple: the program starts with standard unemployment insurance, then switches into monitored search and, finally, into social assistance. Only the presence of an optimal training activity may generate richer transition patterns. Third, the optimal benefits are generally decreasing or constant during unemployment, but they must increase after a successful spell of training. In a calibration exercise based on the U.S. labor market and on the evidence from several evaluation studies, we use our model to analyze quantitatively the features of the optimal WTW program for the U.S. economy. With respect to the existing U.S. system, the optimal WTW scheme delivers sizeable welfare gains, by providing more insurance to skilled workers and more incentives to unskilled workers.
Giving subjects the eye and showing them the finger: socio-biological cues and saccade generation in the anti-saccade task.
Pointing with the eyes or the finger occurs frequently in social interaction to indicate
direction of attention and one's intentions. Research with a voluntary saccade task (where saccade
direction is instructed by the colour of a fixation point) suggested that gaze cues automatically
activate the oculomotor system, but non-biological cues, like arrows, do not. However, other work
has failed to support the claim that gaze cues are special. In the current research we introduced
biological and non-biological cues into the anti-saccade task, using a range of stimulus onset
asynchronies (SOAs). The anti-saccade task recruits both top ^ down and bottom^ up attentional
mechanisms, as occurs in naturalistic saccadic behaviour. In experiment 1 gaze, but not arrows,
facilitated saccadic reaction times (SRTs) in the opposite direction to the cues over all SOAs,
whereas in experiment 2 directional word cues had no effect on saccades. In experiment 3 finger
pointing cues caused reduced SRTs in the opposite direction to the cues at short SOAs. These
findings suggest that biological cues automatically recruit the oculomotor system whereas non-
biological cues do not. Furthermore, the anti-saccade task set appears to facilitate saccadic responses in the opposite direction to the cues
Variational approach to transport in quantum dots
We have derived a variational principle that defines the nonequilibrium
steady-state transport across a correlated impurity mimicking, e.g., a quantum
dot coupled to biased leads. This variational principle has been specialized to
a Gutzwiller's variational space, and applied to the study of the simple
single-orbital Anderson impurity model at half filling, finding a good
qualitative accord with the observed behavior in quantum dots for the expected
regime of values of the bias. Beyond the purely theoretical interest in the
formal definition of a variational principle in a nonequilibrium problem, the
particular methods proposed have the important advantage to be simple and
flexible enough to deal with more complicated systems and variational spaces.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Structure and energetics of solvated ferrous and ferric ions: Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics in the DFT+U formalism
We implemented a rotationally-invariant Hubbard U extension to
density-functional theory in the Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics framework,
with the goal of bringing the accuracy of the DFT+U approach to
finite-temperature simulations, especially for liquids or solids containing
transition-metal ions. First, we studied the effects on the Hubbard U on the
static equilibrium structure of the hexa-aqua ferrous and ferric ions, and the
inner-sphere reorganization energy for the electron-transfer reaction between
aqueous ferrous and ferric ions. It is found that the reorganization energy is
increased, mostly as a result of the Fe-O distance elongation in the hexa-aqua
ferrous ion. Second, we performed a first-principles molecular dynamics study
of the solvation structure of the two aqueous ferrous and ferric ions. The
Hubbard term is found to change the Fe-O radial distribution function for the
ferrous ion, while having a negligible effect on the aqueous ferric ion.
Moreover, the frequencies of vibrations between Fe and oxygen atoms in the
first-solvation shell are shown to be unaffected by the Hubbard corrections for
both ferrous and ferric ions.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Submitted to Journal of
Electroanalytical Chemistr
- …