Benson et al. dinosaur body mass

Benson et al. dinosaur body mas

Node height test for early burst of rates of dinosaur body mass evolution.

<p>(A) Nodal evolutionary rate estimates (standardised independent contrasts <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001853#pbio.1001853-Freckleton1" target="_blank">[39]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001853#pbio.1001853-Felsenstein1" target="_blank">[89]</a>) versus node age for data excluding (dashed lowess line) and including (solid lowess line) Maniraptora. (B–C) Box-and-whisker plots detailing results of: (B) robust regression of evolutionary rate on node age: slope (upper plot) and p-value (lower plot); (C) robust regression of evolutionary rate on nodal body mass: slope (upper plot) and p-value (lower plot). In (B–C) dashed lines occur at zero (upper plots) and 0.05 (lower plots: threshold for statistical significance). 1 = Dinosauria; 2 = Ornithischia; 3 = Sauropodomorpha; 4 = Theropoda; and 5 = Maniraptora.</p

Details of body size changes at exceptional nodes indicated in Figure 3.

<p>Ornith., Ornithischia; Sauro., Sauropodomorpha; Thero., Theropoda.</p

Dinosaur body masses.

<p>(A) Dinosaur body mass through time (the full set of mass estimates is given in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001853#pbio.1001853.s011" target="_blank">Dataset S1</a>). (B) Box-and-whisker plot showing median (dark line), hinges (box range), and ranges (whiskers) of body masses for major dinosaur groups. Outliers (circles) include the iguanodontians <i>Mochlodon vorosi</i> (31 kg), <i>Elrhazosaurus</i>, and <i>Valdosaurus</i> (both 48 kg), the sauropods <i>Europasaurus</i> (1,050 kg) and <i>Magyarosaurus</i> (746 kg), and the flightless avialan <i>Gargantuavis</i> (180 kg).</p

Estimated masses in kilograms of smaller- and larger-bodied adult representatives of major dinosaur groups, given to two significant figures. The standard error of all mass estimates is 0.135 log₁₀(kg) [40].

a<p>Only a referred femur of <i>Argentinosaurus</i> is known: estimating its humeral circumference from the least-squares regression relationship between humeral and femoral circumferences for large sauropods (femoral circumferences >400 mm) yields a mass estimate of 67,400–124,000 kg (95% prediction interval).</p

R code for body mass and integument data from Tyrannosauroid integument reveals conflicting patterns of gigantism and feather evolution

R code for Tyrannosauroidea body mass estimates and integument data

Supplementary methods, specimen descriptions and palaeoclimate data from Tyrannosauroid integument reveals conflicting patterns of gigantism and feather evolution

This file contains extended statistical methodology and results, integumentary descriptions (Albertosaurus, Gorogosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Tarbosaurus) and palaeoclimate data for key tyrannosauroid localities