The connection between slums and COVID-19 cases in Jakarta, Indonesia : a case study of Kapuk Urban Village

COVID-19 has spread world-wide, and with multiple health, social, and economic ramifications. These present a formidable challenge for those belonging to vulnerable communities, such as those living in slums. There is now a growing literature urging attention to this challenge. However, few studies have examined the actual lived realities within these areas using direct, observational research, notwithstanding commentary elsewhere that such close attention is necessary to ensure effective action. This study took this approach in relation to a particular case-study, Kapuk Urban Village, in Jakarta, Indonesia. Drawing on an existing schema involving three spatial scales of slum areas (environs, settlement, and object), the research confirms how different built and socio-economic features can exacerbate vulnerability, and COVID-19 transmission. We also add to the body of knowledge by contributing a dimension of ‘ground-level’ research engagement. We conclude by discussing related ideas around ensuring community resilience and effective policy implementation, and recommend an “urban acupuncture” approach to encourage government regulations and actions better tailored to such communities

Urban Living Futures and Society: People, Culture, Economy & The Built Environment: Research Theme Report: 2020-2022

The research theme Urban Living Futures and Society: People, Culture, Economy and the Built Environment is proud to present a summary of its activities for the years 2020-2022. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, Urban Living Futures and Society has funded twenty pilot research projects and has been a key driver of the new Western Sydney University Urban Transformations Research Centre. This report focuses on the seven different areas of thematic interest for Urban Living Futures and Society, highlighting key issues, future challenges and research projects being undertaken

Places to Swim: Perspectives Report

People love to recreate around, on and in the water. As part of the Department of Planning and Open Spaces Program, Places to Swim provides an opportunity to improve access to natural waterways for recreation across NSW. This report investigates the issues, barriers and benefits associated with opening waterways for recreation. NSW is enriched with a range of beautiful and healthy waterways providing opportunities for people to swim and recreate safely, create places that people can visit, and help build better communities. A key attribute for all swimming sites is ensuring they are safe to use. Recreation involving waterways inherently involves risks, including exposure to waterborne contaminants and the risk of injury and drowning. As new swimming sites are opened the risks need to be identified, monitored, and managed

Wicked Urban Challenges in Western Sydney: Researchers Respond

The purpose of this publication is to provide critical insights and perspectives around how to tackle four of Western Sydney’s wicked urban challenges, and ensure our region is prepared for the future, namely: job/housing imbalances and inadequate infrastructure investment; declining housing affordability; cultural infrastructure disparities; extreme urban heat. Our aim is that this publication continues the debate generated in the online forum, ‘Wicked urban challenges in Western Sydney: researchers respond’, held in October 2021. The event was sponsored by Western Sydney University (WSU). The university is a modern, forward-thinking, research-led university, located at the heart of the Western Sydney region. Boasting 12 campuses (many in CBD locations) and more than 170,000 alumni, 48,000 students and 3,000 staff, the university has 14 Schools with an array of well-designed programs and courses carefully structured to meet the demands of future industry. The event was organised through the University’s Urban Living Futures and Society Research Theme and formed part of the University’s 2021 Research Week, called ‘Bold Research Futures’. This theme had real resonance with what was discussed that day. Over 160 people attended this highly interactive forum, right across the built environment profession and other key professions. The invitation, however, had gone wider, to many people living and working in Western Sydney and beyond. The event brought together our researchers, government, industry, and our local community to challenge conventional policy thinking and offer new ways to solve these four wicked urban challenges in Western Sydney (as outlined above). The remainder of this report provides a summary of four of WSU’s leading urban researchers’ presentations, as delivered on the day. Each of the academics draw from the strategic programs of work being carried out by multi-disciplinary teams across our university. Each brings fresh perspectives and insights to our understanding of the challenges that Western Sydney faces and offers bold policy solutions and initiatives

Submission to the New South Wales Government's Department of Planning, Industry and Environment regarding the Design and Place State Environmental Planning Policy 2021

We are an interdisciplinary team of researchers from Western Sydney University and University of Technology Sydney, and community representatives, advocating for the recognition and inclusion of age and dementia-friendly community design principles in the Design and Place State Environmental Planning Policy (DP SEPP) 2021. Inclusive, enabling, and supportive cities are fundamental to wellbeing, especially in ageing and culturally diverse regions like South Western Sydney. Here, over 16,462 people live with dementia, and this figure will triple to 52,059 within the next 30 years unless there is a medical breakthrough1. This region is also expected to have the highest increase in dementia prevalence in all of NSW by 20501. Many of our cities in New South Wales are grappling with an ageing population and a tsunami of dementia cases with it

Despicable Urban Places: Hot Car Parks

Cities are warmer than surrounding non-urban areas. Climate models predict that metropolitan centres will become even warmer due to the dual impacts of global warming and densification. However, the outer fringe zones of metropolitan centres will also become warmer as a consequence of urban expansion that requires replacing green and open spaces like pastures or bushland with grey infrastructure such as roads and buildings. Limiting the warming effect of urban expansion is possible. It requires dedicated heat-responsive planning and design strategies being applied systematically and at scale. But where should planners and developers start to effectively reduce urban heat? At-grade car parks are an ideal starting point. They represent the ‘low-hanging fruit’ for urban cooling efforts. While unavoidable today and in the near future, at-grade car parks are predominately unshaded; made from black, heat-retaining asphalt; widespread and fairly uniform; and often large in size. Changes to current designs of at-grade car parks can therefore have a big impact. A number of strategies to effectively reduce surface heat of car parks are commercially available. Cooling car parks not only addresses their status as local heat islands, but it also leads to lower ambient air temperatures in downwind environments. This report documents:   Microclimates across eight car parks and reference sites covered by vegetation. Measurements of surface and air temperatures related to a range of car park surface materials. The cooling effect of shade in car parks. Current design guidelines and policies in Australia related to car parks. Alternative design solutions for cooler car parks. The empirical data and policy analysis are used to develop a set of recommendations for urban heat mitigation that can be applied to new and existing car parks. Because of the common nature of at-grade car parks around the world, the proposed cooling techniques can be applied globally, irrespective of the fact that the underlying case studies and data originated from Sydney

Prioritising Healthy Placemaking after Covid-19 Workshop Outcomes & Practitioner Insights

This on-line event is organised in association with the South West Local Health District, Western Sydney Health Alliance, and Healthy Urban Environments Collaboratory. What have we have learnt from living through COVID19 and how do we build back better? How do we deliver placemaking that incorporates the explicit recognition of the need for social, environmental and economic sustainability and puts healthy placemaking at the top of everyone’s priorities

Risk, commercialism and social purpose: Repositioning the English housing association sector

Originally seen as the ‘third arm’ of UK housing policy, the independent, not-for-profit housing association sector had long been seen as effective in ‘filling the gap’ where the state or market were unable to provide for households in need. Since the 1980s in particular, successive governments had viewed housing associations in favourable terms as efficient, semi-autonomous social businesses, capable of leveraging significant private funding. By 2015, in contrast, central government had come to perceive the sector as inefficient, bureaucratic and wasteful of public subsidy. Making use of institutional theory, this paper considers this paradigm shift and examines the organisational responses to an increasingly challenging operating environment. By focusing, in particular, on large London housing associations, the paper analyses their strategic decision-making to address the opportunities and threats presented. The paper argues that in facing an era of minimal subsidy, low security and high risk, the 2015 reforms represent a critical juncture for the sector. Housing organisations face a stark dilemma about whether to continue a strategy of ‘profit for purpose’ or to embrace an unambiguously commercial ethos. The article contends that the trajectory of decision-making (although not unidirectional) leads ultimately towards an increased exposure to risk and vulnerability to changes in the housing market. More fundamentally, the attempt to reconcile social and commercial logics is likely to have wider consequences for the legitimacy of the sector

Respiratory pandemics, urban planning and design: a multidisciplinary rapid review of the literature.

COVID-19 is the most recent respiratory pandemic to necessitate better knowledge about city planning and design. The complex connections between cities and pandemics, however challenge traditional approaches to reviewing literature. In this article we adopted a rapid review methodology. We review the historical literature on respiratory pandemics and their documented connections to urban planning and design (both broadly defined as being concerned with cities as complex systems). Our systematic search across multidisciplinary databases returned a total of 1323 sources, with 92 articles included in the final review. Findings showed that the literature represents the multi-scalar nature of cities and pandemics – pandemics are global phenomena spread through an interconnected world, but require regional, city, local and individual responses. We characterise the literature under ten themes: scale (global to local); built environment; governance; modelling; non-pharmaceutical interventions; socioeconomic factors; system preparedness; system responses; underserved and vulnerable populations; and future-proofing urban planning and design. We conclude that the historical literature captures how city planning and design intersects with a public health response to respiratory pandemics. Our thematic framework provides parameters for future research and policy responses to the varied connections between cities and respiratory pandemics

How has the OSD affected our state hospitals?

The long-awaited occupation-specific dispensation (OSD) process for state-employed doctors has now been concluded. The final offer, signed and accepted in the bargaining chamber despite being rejected by 92% of doctors in a SAMA survey, has not received much attention or fanfare. At the conclusion of this process, which has been drawn out over several years, many points have emerged that are extremely worrying for the future of health care in this country